EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees // Justicia paniculata Burm. f.

Family:: Acanthaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 3481
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Andrographolide in whole plant #2: andrographolide in roots #3: andrographolide in leaves #4: deoxyandrographolide in leaves #5: neoandrographolide in leaves #6: neoandrographolide in roots #7: deoxyandrographolide in roots #8: Andrographolide in leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: spermatotoxic effect of andrographolide in rats #2: α-amylase inhibition - Andrographis paniculata extract #3: α-glucosidase inhibition - Andrographis paniculata extract #4: α-amylase inhibition - andrographolide #5: α-glucosidase inhibition - andrographolide

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Sheeja, K., Kuttan, G. Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and attenuation of tumor growth in vivo by Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide . immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology, 2007, vol. 29, no. 1, p. 81–93. DOI: 10.1080/08923970701282726. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

70% ethanol
Substance:

andrographolide (RF-00004145-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV; MS; 13C NMR; melting point
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Andrographolide in whole plant

Composition #2: Kurzawa, Marzanna., Filipiak-Szok, Anna., Klodzinska, Ewa., Szlyk, Edward. Determination of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Andrographis paniculata using chromatographic methods . journal of chromatography b-analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2015, vol. 995, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

andrographolide (RF-00004145-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

26.53
Internal remarks:

andrographolide in roots

Composition #3: Kurzawa, Marzanna., Filipiak-Szok, Anna., Klodzinska, Ewa., Szlyk, Edward. Determination of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Andrographis paniculata using chromatographic methods . journal of chromatography b-analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2015, vol. 995, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

andrographolide (RF-00004145-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

37.29-38.83
Internal remarks:

andrographolide in leaves

Composition #4: Kurzawa, Marzanna., Filipiak-Szok, Anna., Klodzinska, Ewa., Szlyk, Edward. Determination of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Andrographis paniculata using chromatographic methods . journal of chromatography b-analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2015, vol. 995, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

deoxyandrographolide (RF-00013690-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

26.49-28.42
Internal remarks:

deoxyandrographolide in leaves

Composition #5: Kurzawa, Marzanna., Filipiak-Szok, Anna., Klodzinska, Ewa., Szlyk, Edward. Determination of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Andrographis paniculata using chromatographic methods . journal of chromatography b-analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2015, vol. 995, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

neoandrographolide (RF-00003506-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.37-11.45
Internal remarks:

neoandrographolide in leaves

Composition #6: Kurzawa, Marzanna., Filipiak-Szok, Anna., Klodzinska, Ewa., Szlyk, Edward. Determination of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Andrographis paniculata using chromatographic methods . journal of chromatography b-analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2015, vol. 995, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

neoandrographolide (RF-00003506-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.7
Internal remarks:

neoandrographolide in roots

Composition #7: Kurzawa, Marzanna., Filipiak-Szok, Anna., Klodzinska, Ewa., Szlyk, Edward. Determination of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Andrographis paniculata using chromatographic methods . journal of chromatography b-analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2015, vol. 995, p. 101–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.021. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

deoxyandrographolide (RF-00013690-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

17.47
Internal remarks:

deoxyandrographolide in roots

Composition #8: Edwin, Edward-Sam., Vasantha-Srinivasan, Prabhakaran., Senthil-Nathan, Sengottayan., Thanigaivel, Annamalai., Ponsankar, Athirstam., Pradeepa, Venkatraman., Selin-Rani, Selvaraj., Kalaivani, Kandaswamy., Hunter, Wayne B., Abdel-Megeed, Ahmed., Duraipandiyan, Veeramuthu., Al-Dhabi, Naif Abdullah. Anti-dengue efficacy of bioactive andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Lamiales: Acanthaceae) against the primary dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) . acta tropica, 2016, vol. 163, p. 167–178. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.07.00. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

andrographolide (RF-00004145-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (Q) (F344A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Andrographolide in leaves

Endpoint study #1: Akbarsha, MA., Murugaian, P. Aspects of the male reproductive toxicity/male antifertility property of andrographolide in albino rats: Effect on the testis and the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa . phytotherapy research, 2000, vol. 14, no. 6, p. 432–435. DOI: 10.1002/1099-1573(200009)14:6<432::AID-PTR622>3.3.CO;2-9. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

andrographolide (RF-00004145-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

48.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

30
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

25
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

spermatotoxic effect of andrographolide (lack of motility and decreased counts of spermatozoa, and increased incidence of sperm abnormalities)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

spermatotoxic effect of andrographolide in rats

Endpoint study #2: Subramanian, Rammohan., Asmawi, M. Zaini., Sadikun, Amirin. In vitro alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide . acta biochimica polonica, 2008, vol. 55, no. 2, p. 391–398. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

amylase inhibitors amylase inhibitors (RF-00004341-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 20%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

50.9
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

In vitro α-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

α-amylase inhibition - Andrographis paniculata extract

Endpoint study #3: Subramanian, Rammohan., Asmawi, M. Zaini., Sadikun, Amirin. In vitro alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide . acta biochimica polonica, 2008, vol. 55, no. 2, p. 391–398. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 20%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

17.2
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

In vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effects
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

α-glucosidase inhibition - Andrographis paniculata extract

Endpoint study #4: Subramanian, Rammohan., Asmawi, M. Zaini., Sadikun, Amirin. In vitro alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide . acta biochimica polonica, 2008, vol. 55, no. 2, p. 391–398. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

andrographolide (RF-00004145-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 20%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

11.3
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

In vitro α-amylase enzyme inhibitory effect
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

α-amylase inhibition - andrographolide

Endpoint study #5: Subramanian, Rammohan., Asmawi, M. Zaini., Sadikun, Amirin. In vitro alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitory effects of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide . acta biochimica polonica, 2008, vol. 55, no. 2, p. 391–398. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

andrographolide (RF-00004145-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 20%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

11.0
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

In vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effects
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

α-glucosidase inhibition - andrographolide