EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb.

Family:: Boraginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 48
Number of processed references:: 2

Compositions

#1: intermedine in fruits #2: intermedine in stems #3: intermedine in leaves #4: lycopsamine in fruits #5: lycopsamine in stems #6: lycopsamine in leaves #7: 7-acetyllycopsamine in flowers #8: 7-acetylintermedine in flowers #9: 7-acetylintermedine in leaves #10: 7-acetylintermedine in roots #11: 7-acetylintermedine in stems #12: 7-acetylintermedine in fruits #13: 7-acetyllycopsamine in leaves #14: 7-acetyllycopsamine in fruits #15: 7-acetyllycopsamine in roots #16: 7-acetyllycopsamine in stems #17: supinine in whole flowering plant #18: 9-acetyltrachelanthamidine, 9-angeloyltrachelanthamidine in whole flowering plant #19: naphthoquinones (alkannin and shikonin group) in roots

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

Intermedine (RF-00000227-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.5
Internal remarks:

intermedine in fruits

Composition #2: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

Intermedine (RF-00000227-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.5
Internal remarks:

intermedine in stems

Composition #3: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

Intermedine (RF-00000227-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.5
Internal remarks:

intermedine in leaves

Composition #4: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

Lycopsamine (RF-00000228-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.4
Internal remarks:

lycopsamine in fruits

Composition #5: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

Lycopsamine (RF-00000228-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.8
Internal remarks:

lycopsamine in stems

Composition #6: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

Lycopsamine (RF-00000228-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.5
Internal remarks:

lycopsamine in leaves

Composition #7: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetyllycopsamine (RF-00000265-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

51.6
Internal remarks:

7-acetyllycopsamine in flowers

Composition #8: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetylintermedine (RF-00000264-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

44.8
Internal remarks:

7-acetylintermedine in flowers

Composition #9: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetylintermedine (RF-00000264-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.7
Internal remarks:

7-acetylintermedine in leaves

Composition #10: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetylintermedine (RF-00000264-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

45.5
Internal remarks:

7-acetylintermedine in roots

Composition #11: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetylintermedine (RF-00000264-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.8
Internal remarks:

7-acetylintermedine in stems

Composition #12: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetylintermedine (RF-00000264-TOX)
Additional substance description:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

41
Internal remarks:

7-acetylintermedine in fruits

Composition #13: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetyllycopsamine (RF-00000265-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

20.7
Internal remarks:

7-acetyllycopsamine in leaves

Composition #14: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetyllycopsamine (RF-00000265-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

32.9
Internal remarks:

7-acetyllycopsamine in fruits

Composition #15: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetyllycopsamine (RF-00000265-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

23.3
Internal remarks:

7-acetyllycopsamine in roots

Composition #16: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

7-acetyllycopsamine (RF-00000265-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.8
Internal remarks:

7-acetyllycopsamine in stems

Composition #17: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

Supinine (RF-00000302-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

supinine in whole flowering plant

Composition #18: El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt) . biochemical systematics and ecology, 1998, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 619–636. DOI: 10.1016/S0305-1978(98)00028-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

0.5 N HCl
Substance:

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
Additional substance description:

9-acetyltrachelanthamidine, 9-angeloyltrachelanthamidine
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GLC-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

9-acetyltrachelanthamidine, 9-angeloyltrachelanthamidine in whole flowering plant

Composition #19: Tsermentseli, S. K., Assimopoulou, A. N., Gianovits-Argyriadou, N., Kanaze, F., I., Papageorgiou, V. P. Phytochemical analysis of Anchusa arvensis roots. planta medica, 2008, vol. 74, no. 9, p. 1098–1099. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Naphthoquinones (RF-00010839-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Alkannin and shikonin group
Analytical method code:

HPLC-DAD (F587A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

naphthoquinones (alkannin and shikonin group) in roots