EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Amomum subulatum Roxb.

Family:: Zingiberaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 246
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: 1,8-cineole in leaves #2: camphor in leaves #3: 1,8-Cineole in husk ("capsules"). #4: eucalyptol =1,8-cineole in the essential oil of fruits #5: eugenol in the essential oil of fruits #6: piperitone oxide in the essential oil of fruits #7: Tannic acid in dry seeds/husks #8: Gallic acid in dry seeds/husks #9: 1,8-cineole in essential oil of the seeds #10: Myrcene in essential oil. #11: 1,8-Cineole in essential oil. #12: Both soluble and insoluble Oxalates in seeds #13: Identification of 1,4-Naphthoquinone-2-olyl-beta-D-arabinopyranosyl-2´ -(2´´,6´´,10´´, 14´´-tetramethylhexadecane)-1´´-oate (lawsone glycoside) in fruits.

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Sashidhara, K. V., Verma, R. S., Ram, P. Constituents of leaf essential oil of Amomum subulatum Roxb. from lower region of Himalayas. indian perfumer, 2005, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 169–171. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.87
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in leaves

Composition #2: Sashidhara, K. V., Verma, R. S., Ram, P. Constituents of leaf essential oil of Amomum subulatum Roxb. from lower region of Himalayas. indian perfumer, 2005, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 169–171. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.67
Internal remarks:

camphor in leaves

Composition #3: Bhandari, A. K., Bisht, V. K., Negi, J. S., Baunthiyal, M. 1,8-Cineole: a predominant component in the essential oil of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). journal of medicinal plants research, 2013, vol. 7, no. 26, p. 1951–1956. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Husk (as part-nature) (A166J)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

73.27
Internal remarks:

1,8-Cineole in husk ("capsules").

Composition #4: Ritender., Bhatt, Meenakshi., Juyal, Vijay. Chemical composition of essential oil from the fruits of Ammomum subulatum. international journal of universal pharmacy and bio sciences, 2013, vol. 2, no. 5), 531-53, p. 8 pp. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

24.49
Internal remarks:

eucalyptol =1,8-cineole in the essential oil of fruits

Composition #5: Ritender., Bhatt, Meenakshi., Juyal, Vijay. Chemical composition of essential oil from the fruits of Ammomum subulatum. international journal of universal pharmacy and bio sciences, 2013, vol. 2, no. 5), 531-53, p. 8 pp. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14.12
Internal remarks:

eugenol in the essential oil of fruits

Composition #6: Ritender., Bhatt, Meenakshi., Juyal, Vijay. Chemical composition of essential oil from the fruits of Ammomum subulatum. international journal of universal pharmacy and bio sciences, 2013, vol. 2, no. 5), 531-53, p. 8 pp. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

piperitone oxide (RF-00011283-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.25
Internal remarks:

piperitone oxide in the essential oil of fruits

Composition #7: Singh, U.P., Singh, D.P., Maurya, S., Maheshwari, R., Singh, M., Dubey, R.S., Singh, R.B. Investigation on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeutic properties. journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 2004, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 27–42. DOI: 10.1300/J157v04n04_03. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Husk (as part-nature) (A166J)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 : 20 v/v ethanol - water; sonication
Substance:

tannic acid (RF-00004069-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV/VIS
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.5
Internal remarks:

Tannic acid in dry seeds/husks

Composition #8: Singh, U.P., Singh, D.P., Maurya, S., Maheshwari, R., Singh, M., Dubey, R.S., Singh, R.B. Investigation on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeutic properties. journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 2004, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 27–42. DOI: 10.1300/J157v04n04_03. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Husk (as part-nature) (A166J)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 : 20 v/v ethanol - water; sonication
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC-UV (F021A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV/VIS
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

27.39
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid in dry seeds/husks

Composition #9: Adegoke, GO., Rao, LJM., Shankaracharya, NB. A comparison of the essential oils of Aframomum daniellii (Hook. f.) K. Schum. and Amomum subulatum Roxb . flavour and fragrance journal, 1998, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 349–352. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(1998090)13:5<349::AID-FFJ758>3.3.CO;2-F. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodestilation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

61.3
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in essential oil of the seeds

Composition #10: Kaskoos, Raad A., Mir, Showkat R., Kapoor, Reni., Ali, Mohd. Essential oil composition of the fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb.. journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2008, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 184–187. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

beta-myrcene
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in essential oil.

Composition #11: Kaskoos, Raad A., Mir, Showkat R., Kapoor, Reni., Ali, Mohd. Essential oil composition of the fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb.. journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2008, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 184–187. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID (F040A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

77.4
Internal remarks:

1,8-Cineole in essential oil.

Composition #12: Das, Sumana Ghosh., Savage, G. P. Total and Soluble Oxalate Content of Some Indian Spices. plant foods for human nutrition, 2012, vol. 67, no. 2, p. 186–190. DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0278-0. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

Commercial spices
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Total oxalates, insoluble oxalates amounted to 41 % of the total
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2055
Internal remarks:

Both soluble and insoluble Oxalates in seeds

Composition #13: Kumar, Gopal., Chauhan, Baby., Ali, Mohammed. New alkadiene, benzyl linolenate and lawsone arabinosyl ester from the fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb . journal of saudi chemical society, 2016, vol. 20, p. S476–S479. DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2013.02.001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

Dried fruits extracted with methanol
Substance:

Lawsone (RF-00004281-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Lawsone glycoside; 1,4-Naphthoquinone-2-olyl-beta-D-arabinopyranosyl-2´ -(2´´,6´´,10´´, 14´´-tetramethylhexadecane)-1´´-oate
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

IR, FAB-MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Identification of 1,4-Naphthoquinone-2-olyl-beta-D-arabinopyranosyl-2´ -(2´´,6´´,10´´, 14´´-tetramethylhexadecane)-1´´-oate (lawsone glycoside) in fruits.