EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.

Family:: Apiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 650
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Daidzein in seeds #2: Genistein in seeds #3: Formononetin in seeds #4: coumarins (dihydrosamidin + visnadin) in umbels #5: marmesin in umbels #6: khellin in fruits #7: visnagine in fruits #8: Khellin in fruits #9: Visnagine in seeds #10: khellin in seeds #11: Coumarins in fruits #12: khellin in fruits #13: Visnagine in fruits

Endpoint Studies

#1: The 10% A visnaga seed was toxic but not lethal to chicks and caused a consistent reduced body weight gain, inefficient feed utilization, enterohepatonephropathy, anemia, and a Iterations of serum aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase activities and cholesterol, total lipid and uric acid concentrations. The depression in growth and damage to vital organs of chicks fed 10%

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Abdulmanea, Khaled., Prokudina, Elena A., Lankova, Petra., Vanickova, Lucie., Koblovska, Radka., Zeleny, Vaclav., Lapcik, Oldrich. Immunochemical and HPLC identification of isoflavonoids in the Apiaceae family. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2012, vol. 45, p. 237–243. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

daidzein (RF-00000061-NTR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

62.4
Internal remarks:

Daidzein in seeds

Composition #2: Abdulmanea, Khaled., Prokudina, Elena A., Lankova, Petra., Vanickova, Lucie., Koblovska, Radka., Zeleny, Vaclav., Lapcik, Oldrich. Immunochemical and HPLC identification of isoflavonoids in the Apiaceae family. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2012, vol. 45, p. 237–243. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

23.0
Internal remarks:

Genistein in seeds

Composition #3: Abdulmanea, Khaled., Prokudina, Elena A., Lankova, Petra., Vanickova, Lucie., Koblovska, Radka., Zeleny, Vaclav., Lapcik, Oldrich. Immunochemical and HPLC identification of isoflavonoids in the Apiaceae family. biochemical systematics and ecology, 2012, vol. 45, p. 237–243. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
Analytical method code:

UHPLC-MS-MS (F608A)
Result unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.2
Internal remarks:

Formononetin in seeds

Composition #4: Baddar, F.G., Farid, S., Starkovsky, N.A. The coumarins of ammi visnaga L. Part I. Their reactions with benzene, toluene, and anisole in presence of aluminium chloride: Isolation of minor constituents of ammi visnaga. journal of the chemical society (resumed), 1963, p. 4598–4600. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Additional extraction description:

alcohol + aqueous sodium benzoate (umbels)
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

dihydrosamidin + visnadin
Analytical method code:

Element spectroscopy (F051A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

coumarins (dihydrosamidin + visnadin) in umbels

Composition #5: Baddar, F.G., Farid, S., Starkovsky, N.A. The coumarins of ammi visnaga L. Part I. Their reactions with benzene, toluene, and anisole in presence of aluminium chloride: Isolation of minor constituents of ammi visnaga. journal of the chemical society (resumed), 1963, p. 4598–4600. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol (umbels)
Substance:

marmesin (RF-00003917-PAR)
Additional substance description:

dihydrosamidin + visnadin
Analytical method code:

Element spectroscopy (F051A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

marmesin in umbels

Composition #6: Zgorka, G., Dragan, T., Glowniak, K., Basiura, E. Determination of furanochromones and pyranocoumarins in drugs and Ammi visnaga fruits by combined solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of chromatography a, 1998, vol. 797, no. 1-2, p. 305–309. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01173-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

khellin (RF-00003464-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.27 - 3.03
Internal remarks:

khellin in fruits

Composition #7: Zgorka, G., Dragan, T., Glowniak, K., Basiura, E. Determination of furanochromones and pyranocoumarins in drugs and Ammi visnaga fruits by combined solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography . journal of chromatography a, 1998, vol. 797, no. 1-2, p. 305–309. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01173-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

visnagine (RF-00003629-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.93 - 1.28
Internal remarks:

visnagine in fruits

Composition #8: Schimmer, O., Rauch, P. Inhibition of metabolic activation of the promutagens, benzo a pyrene, 2-aminofluorene and 2-aminoanthracene by furanochromones in Salmonella typhimurium . mutagenesis, 1998, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 385–389. DOI: 10.1093/mutage/13.4.385. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

khellin (RF-00003464-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.0
Internal remarks:

Khellin in fruits

Composition #9: Pavela, Roman., Vrchotova, Nadezda., Triska, Jan. Larvicidal activity of extracts from Ammi visnaga Linn. (Apiaceae) seeds against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae) . experimental parasitology, 2016, vol. 165, p. 51–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

visnagine (RF-00003629-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

235.7
Internal remarks:

Visnagine in seeds

Composition #10: Pavela, Roman., Vrchotova, Nadezda., Triska, Jan. Larvicidal activity of extracts from Ammi visnaga Linn. (Apiaceae) seeds against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (Diptera: Culicidae) . experimental parasitology, 2016, vol. 165, p. 51–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.016. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

khellin (RF-00003464-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

361.9
Internal remarks:

khellin in seeds

Composition #11: Winderl, Bianca., Schwaiger, Stefan., Ganzera, Markus. Fast and improved separation of major coumarins in Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. by supercritical fluid chromatography . journal of separation science, 2016, vol. 39, no. 20, p. 4042–4048. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600734. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Dichloromethane extract
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.11 - 1.84
Internal remarks:

Coumarins in fruits

Composition #12: Winderl, Bianca., Schwaiger, Stefan., Ganzera, Markus. Fast and improved separation of major coumarins in Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. by supercritical fluid chromatography . journal of separation science, 2016, vol. 39, no. 20, p. 4042–4048. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600734. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Dichloromethane extract
Substance:

khellin (RF-00003464-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.75 - 1.01
Internal remarks:

khellin in fruits

Composition #13: Winderl, Bianca., Schwaiger, Stefan., Ganzera, Markus. Fast and improved separation of major coumarins in Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. by supercritical fluid chromatography . journal of separation science, 2016, vol. 39, no. 20, p. 4042–4048. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600734. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Dichloromethane extract
Substance:

visnagine (RF-00003629-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.18 - 0.46
Internal remarks:

Visnagine in fruits

Endpoint study #1: Ibrahim, IA., ElBadwi, SMA., Gadir, WSA., Bakhiet, AO., Yagoub, SO., Adam, SEI. Susceptibility of Bovans chicks to low dietary levels of Ammi visnaga and Artemisia herba-alba . veterinary and human toxicology, 2004, vol. 46, no. 2, p. 67–69. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Gallus gallus (chicken) (as animal) (A057Z)
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

9.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

10
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

reduced body weight gain, enterohepatonephropathy, anemia, a Iterations of serum aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase activities and cholesterol, total lipid, uric acid concentrations. Depression in growth, damage to vital organs of chicks fed 10%
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

body weight (CHD005BE)
Internal remarks:

The 10% A visnaga seed was toxic but not lethal to chicks and caused a consistent reduced body weight gain, inefficient feed utilization, enterohepatonephropathy, anemia, and a Iterations of serum aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase activities and cholesterol, total lipid and uric acid concentrations. The depression in growth and damage to vital organs of chicks fed 10%