EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Galangal, lesser (as plant) // Alpinia officinarum Hance

Family:: Zingiberaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 822
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: cineol in roots #2: camphor in roots #3: myrcene in roots #4: Methyleugenol in the essential oil of fresh roots #5: 1,8-cineol in the essential oil of fresh roots #6: 1,8-cineol in the essential oil of dried roots #7: Methyleugenol in the essential oil of dried roots #8: 1,8 cineole derivatives, roots, HPLC #9: methyleugenol derivatives, roots, NMR #10: camphor in fresh roots #11: 1,8-Cineole in fresh roots #12: 1,8 - cineole in dried roots #13: camphor in dried roots

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Lawrence, Brian M., Hogg, James W., Terhune, Stuart J. Essential oils and their constituents. II. The oil of Alpinia officinarum. perfumery and essential oil record, 1969, vol. 60(2-3), p. 88–96. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cineol in roots

Composition #2: Lawrence, Brian M., Hogg, James W., Terhune, Stuart J. Essential oils and their constituents. II. The oil of Alpinia officinarum. perfumery and essential oil record, 1969, vol. 60(2-3), p. 88–96. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

camphor in roots

Composition #3: Lawrence, Brian M., Hogg, James W., Terhune, Stuart J. Essential oils and their constituents. II. The oil of Alpinia officinarum. perfumery and essential oil record, 1969, vol. 60(2-3), p. 88–96. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

myrcene in roots

Composition #4: Ly, T.N., Yamauchi, R., Kato, K. Volatile Components of the Essential Oils in Galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) from Vietnam. food science and technology research, 2001, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 303–306. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.0
Internal remarks:

Methyleugenol in the essential oil of fresh roots

Composition #5: Ly, T.N., Yamauchi, R., Kato, K. Volatile Components of the Essential Oils in Galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) from Vietnam. food science and technology research, 2001, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 303–306. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

50
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineol in the essential oil of fresh roots

Composition #6: Ly, T.N., Yamauchi, R., Kato, K. Volatile Components of the Essential Oils in Galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) from Vietnam. food science and technology research, 2001, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 303–306. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.2
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineol in the essential oil of dried roots

Composition #7: Ly, T.N., Yamauchi, R., Kato, K. Volatile Components of the Essential Oils in Galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) from Vietnam. food science and technology research, 2001, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 303–306. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.3
Internal remarks:

Methyleugenol in the essential oil of dried roots

Composition #8: Ly, TN., Yamauchi, R., Shimoyamada, M., Kato, K. Isolation and structural elucidation of some glycosides from the rhizomes of smaller galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2002, vol. 50, no. 17, p. 4919–4924. DOI: 10.1021/jf025529p. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Additional substance description:

1,8 cineole derivatives: (1R,3S,4S)-trans-3-hydroxy-1,8-cineole beta-D-glucopyranoside
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

1,8 cineole derivatives, roots, HPLC

Composition #9: Ly, TN., Yamauchi, R., Shimoyamada, M., Kato, K. Isolation and structural elucidation of some glycosides from the rhizomes of smaller galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2002, vol. 50, no. 17, p. 4919–4924. DOI: 10.1021/jf025529p. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Methyleugenol derivatives: demethyleugenol beta-D-glucopyranoside and demethyleugenol beta-rutinoside
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

methyleugenol derivatives, roots, NMR

Composition #10: Rana, V. S., Verdeguer, M., Blazquez, M. Amparo. GC and GC/MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of the Oils of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd and A. officinarum Hance Rhizomes . journal of essential oil research, 2010, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 521–524. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

AAS (F052A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GS MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.4
Internal remarks:

camphor in fresh roots

Composition #11: Rana, V. S., Verdeguer, M., Blazquez, M. Amparo. GC and GC/MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of the Oils of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd and A. officinarum Hance Rhizomes . journal of essential oil research, 2010, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 521–524. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional extraction description:

Hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

AAS (F052A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GS MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

28.3
Internal remarks:

1,8-Cineole in fresh roots

Composition #12: Raina, Archana P., Verma, S. K., Abraham, Z. Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from Alpinia galanga Willd. (L.) and A. officinarum Hance rhizomes from North East India . journal of essential oil research, 2014, vol. 26, no. 1, p. 24–28. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2013.822430. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

100% vol. alcohol (B006A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

44.2
Internal remarks:

1,8 - cineole in dried roots

Composition #13: Raina, Archana P., Verma, S. K., Abraham, Z. Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from Alpinia galanga Willd. (L.) and A. officinarum Hance rhizomes from North East India . journal of essential oil research, 2014, vol. 26, no. 1, p. 24–28. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2013.822430. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

100% vol. alcohol (B006A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.0
Internal remarks:

camphor in dried roots