EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Aloe ferox Mill.

Family:: Xanthorrhoeaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 330
Number of processed references:: 6

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: [Anonymous]. Final report on the safety assessment of Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract . international journal of toxicology, 2007, vol. 26, p. 1–50. DOI: 10.1080/10915810701351186. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaf exudates
Substance:

aloin A (RF-00003672-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

aloin A

Composition #2: [Anonymous]. Final report on the safety assessment of Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract . international journal of toxicology, 2007, vol. 26, p. 1–50. DOI: 10.1080/10915810701351186. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaf exudates
Substance:

aloin B (RF-00003673-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

aloin B (RF-00003673-PAR)

Composition #3: [Anonymous]. Final report on the safety assessment of Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract . international journal of toxicology, 2007, vol. 26, p. 1–50. DOI: 10.1080/10915810701351186. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaf exudates
Substance:

aloinoside A (RF-00011448-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

aloinoside A (cx000349)

Composition #4: [Anonymous]. Final report on the safety assessment of Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract . international journal of toxicology, 2007, vol. 26, p. 1–50. DOI: 10.1080/10915810701351186. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

leaf exudates
Substance:

Aloinoside B (RF-00011447-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Aloinoside B (cx000344)

Composition #5: Chiang, Hsiu-Mei., Lin, Ya-Tze., Hsiao, Pei-Ling., Su, Yu-Han., Tsao, Hui-Ting., Wen, Kuo-Ching. Determination of Marked Components -aloin and aloe-emodin- in Aloe vera before and after hydrolysis . journal of food and drug analysis, 2012, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 646–652. DOI: 10.6227/jfda.2012200311. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

boiling and cooling of leaf exudate
Substance:

aloin A (RF-00003672-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Aloin
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Non Detected Value ( less than LOD) (LOD)
Value (concentration, content):

0.5
Internal remarks:

aloin (cx000343)

Composition #6: Chiang, Hsiu-Mei., Lin, Ya-Tze., Hsiao, Pei-Ling., Su, Yu-Han., Tsao, Hui-Ting., Wen, Kuo-Ching. Determination of Marked Components -aloin and aloe-emodin- in Aloe vera before and after hydrolysis . journal of food and drug analysis, 2012, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 646–652. DOI: 10.6227/jfda.2012200311. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

boiling and cooling of leaf exudate
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Non Detected Value ( less than LOD) (LOD)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2
Internal remarks:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)

Composition #7: Adhami, Hamid-Reza., Viljoen, Alvaro M. Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters'') by high performance counter-current chromatography . phytochemistry letters, 2015, vol. 11, p. 321–325. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

dried leaf axudate
Substance:

Aloeresin A (RF-00013695-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Classification not possible (F001A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPCCC, UPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

86.3
Internal remarks:

aloeresin A in leaves

Composition #8: Adhami, Hamid-Reza., Viljoen, Alvaro M. Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters'') by high performance counter-current chromatography . phytochemistry letters, 2015, vol. 11, p. 321–325. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

dried leaf axudate
Substance:

Aloeresin C (RF-00013696-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Classification not possible (F001A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPCCC, UPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7
Internal remarks:

aloeresin C in leaves

Composition #9: Adhami, Hamid-Reza., Viljoen, Alvaro M. Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters'') by high performance counter-current chromatography . phytochemistry letters, 2015, vol. 11, p. 321–325. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

dried leaf axudate
Substance:

5-Hydroxyaloin (RF-00013697-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Classification not possible (F001A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPCCC, UPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.7
Internal remarks:

5-hydroxyaloin in leaves

Composition #10: Adhami, Hamid-Reza., Viljoen, Alvaro M. Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters'') by high performance counter-current chromatography . phytochemistry letters, 2015, vol. 11, p. 321–325. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

dried leaf axudate
Substance:

aloin A (RF-00003672-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Classification not possible (F001A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPCCC, UPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

50.7
Internal remarks:

aloin A in leaves

Composition #11: Adhami, Hamid-Reza., Viljoen, Alvaro M. Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters'') by high performance counter-current chromatography . phytochemistry letters, 2015, vol. 11, p. 321–325. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

dried leaf axudate
Substance:

Aloinoside B (RF-00011447-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Classification not possible (F001A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPCCC, UPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9
Internal remarks:

Aloinoside B in leaves

Composition #12: Adhami, Hamid-Reza., Viljoen, Alvaro M. Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters'') by high performance counter-current chromatography . phytochemistry letters, 2015, vol. 11, p. 321–325. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

dried leaf axudate
Substance:

aloin B (RF-00003673-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Classification not possible (F001A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPCCC, UPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

25.3
Internal remarks:

aloin B in leaves

Composition #13: Adhami, Hamid-Reza., Viljoen, Alvaro M. Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters'') by high performance counter-current chromatography . phytochemistry letters, 2015, vol. 11, p. 321–325. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

dried leaf axudate
Substance:

aloinoside A (RF-00011448-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Classification not possible (F001A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPCCC, UPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.3
Internal remarks:

aloinoside A in leaves

Composition #14: Adhami, Hamid-Reza., Viljoen, Alvaro M. Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters'') by high performance counter-current chromatography . phytochemistry letters, 2015, vol. 11, p. 321–325. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

dried leaf axudate
Substance:

Aloeresin A (RF-00013695-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Classification not possible (F001A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPCCC, UPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

86.3
Internal remarks:

aloeresin A in leaves

Composition #15: RAUWALD, HW., BEIL, A. 5-HYDROXYALOIN-A IN THE GENUS ALOE - THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCREENING AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION . zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 1993, vol. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1–4. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

powdering, methanol extraction
Substance:

aloin A (RF-00003672-PAR)
Additional substance description:

5-hydroxy-aloin A
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.4
Internal remarks:

5-hydroxy-aloin A

Composition #16: RAUWALD, HW., BEIL, A. 5-HYDROXYALOIN-A IN THE GENUS ALOE - THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCREENING AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION . zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 1993, vol. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1–4. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

powdering, methanol extraction
Substance:

aloin A (RF-00003672-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.7
Internal remarks:

aloin A

Composition #17: RAUWALD, HW., BEIL, A. 5-HYDROXYALOIN-A IN THE GENUS ALOE - THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCREENING AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION . zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 1993, vol. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1–4. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

powdering, methanol extraction
Substance:

aloin B (RF-00003673-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.6
Internal remarks:

aloin B

Composition #18: RAUWALD, HW., BEIL, A. 5-HYDROXYALOIN-A IN THE GENUS ALOE - THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCREENING AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION . zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 1993, vol. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1–4. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

powdering, methanol extraction
Substance:

Aloinoside B (RF-00011447-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.5
Internal remarks:

aloiniside B (cx000350)

Composition #19: RAUWALD, HW., BEIL, A. 5-HYDROXYALOIN-A IN THE GENUS ALOE - THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCREENING AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION . zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 1993, vol. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1–4. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

powdering, methanol extraction
Substance:

aloinoside A (RF-00011448-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.5
Internal remarks:

aloinoside A

Composition #20: KOYAMA, J., OGURA, T., TAGAHARA, K. NAPHTHO 2,3-C FURAN-4,9-DIONE AND ITS DERIVATIVES FROM ALOE FEROX. phytochemistry, 1994, vol. 37, no. 4, p. 1147–1148. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89546-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

lump of aloe was dissolved in water and the resultant mixture sequentially partitioned against ether and ethyl acetate.
Substance:

Benzofurans (RF-00010791-PAR)
Additional substance description:

naphto(2,3-c)furan derivatives
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

naphto(2,3-c)furan derivatives

Composition #21: KOYAMA, J., OGURA, T., TAGAHARA, K. NAPHTHO 2,3-C FURAN-4,9-DIONE AND ITS DERIVATIVES FROM ALOE FEROX. phytochemistry, 1994, vol. 37, no. 4, p. 1147–1148. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89546-1. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

lump of aloe was dissolved in water and the resultant mixture sequentially partitioned against ether and ethyl acetate.
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)

Composition #22: Kiridena, W., Poole, SK., Miller, KG., Poole, CF. Determination of aloin and aloe-emodin in aloe consumable products by thin layer chromatography . jpc-journal of planar chromatography-modern tlc, 1995, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 416–419. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

by solvent-assisted supercritical fluid extraction
Substance:

Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Aloe-emodin

Genotox #1: [Anonymous]. Final report on the safety assessment of Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract . international journal of toxicology, 2007, vol. 26, p. 1–50. DOI: 10.1080/10915810701351186. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

Bacillus subtilis recombination assay (CHD034TT)
Tested organism:

Bacillus subtilis (as organism) (A0CJY)
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

genotoxicity
Internal remarks:

genotoxicity
Internal ID:

WOS:000248461000001