EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

Family:: Brassicaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 662
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Glucosinolates in seed #2: cyanide in live plant #3: cyanide - seedling #4: methyl salicylate in leaves #5: allyl isothiocyanate in leaves #6: nonanal in leaves #7: diallyl disulphide in leaves #8: eugenol in leaves #9: beta ionone in leaves #10: phenylacetaldehyde in leaves #11: benzaldehyde in leaves #12: sinigrin - leaves #13: alliarinoside - leaves

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Bennett, Richard N., Mellon, Fred A., Kroon, Paul A. Screening crucifer seeds as sources of specific intact glucosinolates using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004, vol. 52, no. 3, p. 428–438. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Extraction was done by homogenization in 70% v/v methanol
Substance:

Glucosinolates (RF-00000330-TOX)
Additional substance description:

sinapine and others
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Glucosinolates in seed

Composition #2: Cipollini, Don., Gruner, Bill. Cyanide in the chemical arsenal of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata. journal of chemical ecology, 2007, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 85–94. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9205-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

sodium phosphate buffer
Substance:

Cyanide (RF-00000021-CHE)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

method by Lambert et al. 1975, apectrophotometer
Result unit:

ppm (G288A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

100
Internal remarks:

cyanide in live plant

Composition #3: Cipollini, Don., Gruner, Bill. Cyanide in the chemical arsenal of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata. journal of chemical ecology, 2007, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 85–94. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9205-x. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

sodium phosphate buffer, seedling
Substance:

Cyanide (RF-00000021-CHE)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

method by Lambert et al. 1975, apectrophotometer
Result unit:

ppm (G288A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

108.9
Internal remarks:

cyanide - seedling

Composition #4: Blazevic, Ivica., Mastelic, Josip. Free and Bound Volatiles of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). croatica chemica acta, 2008, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 607–613. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

methyl salicylate (RF-00003930-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.6
Internal remarks:

methyl salicylate in leaves

Composition #5: Blazevic, Ivica., Mastelic, Josip. Free and Bound Volatiles of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). croatica chemica acta, 2008, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 607–613. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

Allyl isothiocyanate (RF-00000024-CHE)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

40.3-47.2
Internal remarks:

allyl isothiocyanate in leaves

Composition #6: Blazevic, Ivica., Mastelic, Josip. Free and Bound Volatiles of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). croatica chemica acta, 2008, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 607–613. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

Nonanal (RF-00008505-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-3
Internal remarks:

nonanal in leaves

Composition #7: Blazevic, Ivica., Mastelic, Josip. Free and Bound Volatiles of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). croatica chemica acta, 2008, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 607–613. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

Diallyl disulfide (RF-00008205-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3-7.2
Internal remarks:

diallyl disulphide in leaves

Composition #8: Blazevic, Ivica., Mastelic, Josip. Free and Bound Volatiles of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). croatica chemica acta, 2008, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 607–613. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

15.7
Internal remarks:

eugenol in leaves

Composition #9: Blazevic, Ivica., Mastelic, Josip. Free and Bound Volatiles of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). croatica chemica acta, 2008, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 607–613. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

beta-Ionone (RF-00010106-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3-1.9
Internal remarks:

beta ionone in leaves

Composition #10: Blazevic, Ivica., Mastelic, Josip. Free and Bound Volatiles of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). croatica chemica acta, 2008, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 607–613. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

Phenylacetaldehyde (RF-00009234-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0-2.8
Internal remarks:

phenylacetaldehyde in leaves

Composition #11: Blazevic, Ivica., Mastelic, Josip. Free and Bound Volatiles of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata). croatica chemica acta, 2008, vol. 81, no. 4, p. 607–613. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistilation
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.8-1
Internal remarks:

benzaldehyde in leaves

Composition #12: Frisch, Tina., Motawia, Mohammed S., Olsen, Carl E., Agerbirk, Niels., Moller, Birger L., Bjarnholt, Nanna. Diversified glucosinolate metabolism: biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide and of the hydroxynitrile glucoside alliarinoside in relation to sinigrin metabolism in Alliaria petiolata . frontiers in plant science, 2015, vol. 6 . DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00926. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water buffer
Substance:

sinigrin (RF-00004055-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

sinigrin - leaves

Composition #13: Frisch, Tina., Motawia, Mohammed S., Olsen, Carl E., Agerbirk, Niels., Moller, Birger L., Bjarnholt, Nanna. Diversified glucosinolate metabolism: biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide and of the hydroxynitrile glucoside alliarinoside in relation to sinigrin metabolism in Alliaria petiolata . frontiers in plant science, 2015, vol. 6 . DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00926. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water buffer
Substance:

Cyanide (RF-00000021-CHE)
Additional substance description:

alliarinoside, a γ-hydroxynitrile glucoside structurally related to cyanogenic glucosides
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alliarinoside - leaves