EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Allamanda cathartica L.

Family:: Apocynaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 193
Number of processed references:: 9

Compositions

#1: Calcium oxalate in bark detected with reagents #2: Glycosides in bark detected with Kedde reagent (cardiac) #3: Alkaloids in bark detected with reagents #4: 1,8- cineole in flowers #5: myrcene in flowers #6: Iridoid (sesquiterpene) lactones in all plant parts

Endpoint Studies

#1: 2 out of 3 bovines died; manifestations of colic, severe oedema of all parts of the wall of the rumen and reticulum, congestion of the mucosa of digestive tract #2: purgation test, number of wet feces produced by the extract were dose-related, the effect lasted for about 8h. #3: test for gastro-intestinal motility (charcoal meal) showed increase in gut movement #4: degenerative changes in testes, reduction on weight of epididymis, adverse effects of spermatozoa #5: Mice: reversible infertility #6: inhibition of alpha amylase activity

Genotoxicity

#1: Significant effect on DNA damage, long tails and broken heads

Composition #1: Datta, S.K., Datta, P.C. Pharmacognosy of allamanda bark drugs. pharmaceutical biology, 1982, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 43–52. DOI: 10.3109/13880208209083286. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Calcium oxalate in bark detected with reagents

Composition #2: Datta, S.K., Datta, P.C. Pharmacognosy of allamanda bark drugs. pharmaceutical biology, 1982, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 43–52. DOI: 10.3109/13880208209083286. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Glycosides in bark detected with Kedde reagent (cardiac)

Composition #3: Datta, S.K., Datta, P.C. Pharmacognosy of allamanda bark drugs. pharmaceutical biology, 1982, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 43–52. DOI: 10.3109/13880208209083286. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in bark detected with reagents

Composition #4: Baez, Disnelys., Pino, Jorge A., Morales, Diego. Scent Composition from Flowers of Allamanda cathartica L. from Cuba. journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2012, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 12–14. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10644013. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

distillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID/GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

12.6
Internal remarks:

1,8- cineole in flowers

Composition #5: Baez, Disnelys., Pino, Jorge A., Morales, Diego. Scent Composition from Flowers of Allamanda cathartica L. from Cuba. journal of essential oil bearing plants, 2012, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 12–14. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10644013. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

distillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

GC-FID/GC-MS
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Reconstituted product (B007A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.9
Internal remarks:

myrcene in flowers

Composition #6: Chaveerach, Arunrat., Aungkapattamagul, Sarocha., Tanee, Tawatchai., Noikotr, Kowit., Sudmoon, Runglawan. Genetic verification and chemical contents identification of Allamanda species (Apocynaceae) . pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 417–424. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Additional substance description:

allamandin, plumericin, isoplumericin, plumieride
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Iridoid (sesquiterpene) lactones in all plant parts

Endpoint study #1: Tokarnia, Carlos Hubinger., Armien, Anibal Guillemo., Peixoto, Paul Vargas., Barbosa, Jose Diomedes., Brito, Marilene De Farias., Dobereiner, Jurgen. Experiments on the toxicity of some ornamental plants in cattle. pesquisa veterinaria brasileira, 1996, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 5–20. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

3
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Lowest lethal dose (CHD025EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

30
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

2 out of 3 bovines died; manifestations of colic, severe oedema of all parts of the wall of the rumen and reticulum, congestion of the mucosa of digestive tract
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

2 out of 3 bovines died; manifestations of colic, severe oedema of all parts of the wall of the rumen and reticulum, congestion of the mucosa of digestive tract

Endpoint study #2: Akah, P.A., Offiah, V.N. Gastrointestinal effects of allamanda cathartica leaf extracts. pharmaceutical biology, 1992, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 213–217. DOI: 10.3109/13880209209054001. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

25
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

20
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

incresed production of wet feces
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

food efficiency (CHD021BE)
Internal remarks:

purgation test, number of wet feces produced by the extract were dose-related, the effect lasted for about 8h.

Endpoint study #3: Akah, P.A., Offiah, V.N. Gastrointestinal effects of allamanda cathartica leaf extracts. pharmaceutical biology, 1992, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 213–217. DOI: 10.3109/13880209209054001. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

160
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

incresed production of wet feces
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

food efficiency (CHD021BE)
Internal remarks:

test for gastro-intestinal motility (charcoal meal) showed increase in gut movement

Endpoint study #4: Singh, Akanksha., Singh, Shio Kumar. Reversible antifertility effect of aqueous leaf extract of allamanda cathartica L. in male mice . journal of andrology, 2007, p. 68–69. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

distilled water
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Other (CHD049ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

42.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

150
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

degenerative changes in testes, reduction on weight of epididymis, adverse effects on motility, viability, morphology and on number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis,
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

degenerative changes in testes, reduction on weight of epididymis, adverse effects of spermatozoa

Endpoint study #5: Singh, A., Singh, S. K. Reversible antifertility effect of aqueous leaf extract of Allamanda cathartica L. in male laboratory mice . andrologia, 2008, vol. 40, no. 6, p. 337–345. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00866.x. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

42.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

150
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

testes in mice showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules; adverse effects on motility, viability, morphology and on number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Mice: reversible infertility

Endpoint study #6: Nguyen, Phuong Q. T., Luu, Thuy T., Bai, Yang., Nguyen, Giang K. T., Pervushin, Konstantin., Tam, James P. Allotides: Proline-Rich Cystine Knot alpha-Amylase Inhibitors from Allamanda cathartica . journal of natural products, 2015, vol. 78, no. 4, p. 695–704. DOI: 10.1021/np500866c. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 50%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram (G283A)
Effect concentration:

2.6
Effect description:

inhibition of alpha amylase activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

inhibition of alpha amylase activity

Genotox #1: Chaveerach, Arunrat., Tanee, Tawatchai., Patarapadungkit, Natcha., Khamwachirapithak, Peerapat., Sudmoon, Runglawan. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Allamanda and Plumeria species. scienceasia, 2016, vol. 42, no. 6, p. 375–381. DOI: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2016.42.375. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage (CHD040TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Guideline used:

No guideline followed
Tested organism:

Other (A07XE)
Strain of test organism:

HeLa cells (CHD087ST)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

positive effect on DNA damage at concentration 31.6 mg/ml for 4 hours
Internal remarks:

Significant effect on DNA damage, long tails and broken heads
Internal ID:

WOS:000398505900002