Draft - work in progress
-
- Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. // Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.
Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. // Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.
- Family:
- Asteraceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 136
- Number of processed references:
- 6
Endpoint Studies
#1: Goat: Depression, anorexia, no trembles
#2: Horse: Unsteady gait, difficulty in swallowing, acetone breath, cardiac arrhythmias, constipation, trembling of muscles
#3: Sheep: Trembles, anorexia, laboured respiration stiffness of limbs, ataxia
#4: Cattle: Trembles, acetone breath,constipation, difficult respiration,profuse nasal discharge
#5: Chicken: Trembles, cyanosis, severe acidosis
#6: Tremetone toxicity in horses - increased CK, AST; muscle necrosis; myocardial necrosis
#7: Skeletal muscular effects (weight loss, excessive salivation, dyspnea, severe skeletal muscle necrosis, trembling; the death of cardiotoxic effects) in cow linked to toxic effect of tremetone and dehydrotremetone
#8: tremetone toxicity stable after drying causing degeneration and necrosis of skeletal muscle.
#9: muscle degeneration and necrosis
#10: differences in CK, AST, ALT, LDH;
Composition #1: Lee, Stephen T., Davis, T. Zane., Gardner, Dale R., Stegelmeier, Bryan L., Evans, Tim J. Quantitative Method for the Measurement of Three Benzofuran Ketones in Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2009, vol. 57, no. 12, p. 5639–5643. DOI: 10.1021/jf900781j.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
hexane
-
Substance:
3-oxyangeloyl-tremetone (RF-00004122-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
NMR, silica column chromatography
-
Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
-
Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.0404-0.0481
-
Internal remarks:
3-oxyangeloyl-tremetone in aerial parts.
Composition #2: Lee, Stephen T., Davis, T. Zane., Gardner, Dale R., Stegelmeier, Bryan L., Evans, Tim J. Quantitative Method for the Measurement of Three Benzofuran Ketones in Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2009, vol. 57, no. 12, p. 5639–5643. DOI: 10.1021/jf900781j.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
hexane
-
Substance:
dehydrotremetone (RF-00004264-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
NMR, silica column chromatography
-
Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
-
Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.212-2.78
-
Internal remarks:
dehydrotremetone in aerial parts.
Composition #3: Lee, Stephen T., Davis, T. Zane., Gardner, Dale R., Stegelmeier, Bryan L., Evans, Tim J. Quantitative Method for the Measurement of Three Benzofuran Ketones in Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2009, vol. 57, no. 12, p. 5639–5643. DOI: 10.1021/jf900781j.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
hexane
-
Substance:
tremetone (RF-00003609-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
NMR, silica column chromatography
-
Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
-
Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.383-6.5
-
Internal remarks:
tremetone in aerial parts.
Composition #4: Meyerholtz, Kimberly A., Burcham, Grant N., Miller, Margaret A., Wilson, Christina R., Hooser, Stephen B., Lee, Stephen T. Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to diagnose white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) poisoning in a cow . journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 2011, vol. 23, no. 4, p. 775–779. DOI: 10.1177/1040638711407899.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Fresh (A166Y)
-
Substance:
tremetone (RF-00003609-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
tremetone and dehydrotremetone
-
Analytical method code:
Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
tremetone and dehydrotremetone
Composition #5: Davis, T. Z., Stegelmeier, B. L., Lee, S. T., Collett, M. G., Green, B. T., Pfister, J. A., Evans, T. J., Grum, D. S., Buck, S. White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes . research in veterinary science, 2016, vol. 106, p. 29–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.008.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
-
Substance:
tremetone (RF-00003609-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.004-3.5
-
Internal remarks:
tremetone in aerial parts
Composition #6: Davis, T. Z., Stegelmeier, B. L., Lee, S. T., Collett, M. G., Green, B. T., Pfister, J. A., Evans, T. J., Grum, D. S., Buck, S. White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes . research in veterinary science, 2016, vol. 106, p. 29–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.008.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
-
Substance:
dehydrotremetone (RF-00004264-PAR)
-
Analytical method code:
HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.033-0.78
-
Internal remarks:
dehydrotremetone in aerial parts
Composition #7: Davis, T. Z., Stegelmeier, B. L., Lee, S. T., Collett, M. G., Green, B. T., Pfister, J. A., Evans, T. J., Grum, D. S., Buck, S. White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes . research in veterinary science, 2016, vol. 106, p. 29–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.008.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
-
Substance:
Benzofurans (RF-00010791-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
6-hydroxytremetone
-
Analytical method code:
HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.15-4.6
-
Internal remarks:
6-hydroxytremetone in aerial parts
Composition #8: Davis, T. Z., Stegelmeier, B. L., Lee, S. T., Collett, M. G., Green, B. T., Pfister, J. A., Evans, T. J., Grum, D. S., Buck, S. White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes . research in veterinary science, 2016, vol. 106, p. 29–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.008.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
-
Substance:
Benzofurans (RF-00010791-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
benzofuran ketones
-
Analytical method code:
HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.253-6.73
-
Internal remarks:
benzofuran ketones in aerial parts
Endpoint study
#1: Sharma, Om P., Dawra, Rajinder K., Kurade, Nitin P., Sharma, Pritam D. A review of the toxicosis and biological properties of the genus Eupatorium . natural toxins, 1998, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1–14. .
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
-
Limit test:
Not applicable
-
Tested organism:
Goat (as animal) (A057P)
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
-
Critical effect:
PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
-
Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
-
Effect description:
Depression, anorexia, photosensitization, no trembles
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
other (CHD003BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Goat: Depression, anorexia, no trembles
Endpoint study
#2: Sharma, Om P., Dawra, Rajinder K., Kurade, Nitin P., Sharma, Pritam D. A review of the toxicosis and biological properties of the genus Eupatorium . natural toxins, 1998, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1–14. .
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
-
Limit test:
Not applicable
-
Tested organism:
Horse (as animal) (A0B9Z)
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
-
Critical effect:
PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
-
Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
-
Effect description:
Unsteady gait, difficulty in swallowing, acetone breath, cardiac arrhythmias, constipation, trembling of muscles
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
mobility (CHD011BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Horse: Unsteady gait, difficulty in swallowing, acetone breath, cardiac arrhythmias, constipation, trembling of muscles
Endpoint study
#3: Sharma, Om P., Dawra, Rajinder K., Kurade, Nitin P., Sharma, Pritam D. A review of the toxicosis and biological properties of the genus Eupatorium . natural toxins, 1998, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1–14. .
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
-
Limit test:
Not applicable
-
Tested organism:
Sheep (as animal) (A057G)
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
-
Critical effect:
PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
-
Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
-
Effect description:
Trembles, anorexia, laboured respiration stiffness of limbs, ataxia
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
mobility (CHD011BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Sheep: Trembles, anorexia, laboured respiration stiffness of limbs, ataxia
Endpoint study
#4: Sharma, Om P., Dawra, Rajinder K., Kurade, Nitin P., Sharma, Pritam D. A review of the toxicosis and biological properties of the genus Eupatorium . natural toxins, 1998, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1–14. .
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
-
Limit test:
Not applicable
-
Tested organism:
Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
-
Critical effect:
PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
-
Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
-
Effect description:
Trembles, acetone breath, constipation, difficult respiration, profuse nasal discharge
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
other (CHD003BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Cattle: Trembles, acetone breath,constipation, difficult respiration,profuse nasal discharge
Endpoint study
#5: Sharma, Om P., Dawra, Rajinder K., Kurade, Nitin P., Sharma, Pritam D. A review of the toxicosis and biological properties of the genus Eupatorium . natural toxins, 1998, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1–14. .
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
-
Limit test:
Not applicable
-
Tested organism:
Gallus gallus (chicken) (as animal) (A057Z)
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
-
Critical effect:
PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
-
Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
-
Effect description:
Trembles, cyanosis, acetone breath, severe acidosis
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
other (CHD003BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Chicken: Trembles, cyanosis, severe acidosis
Endpoint study
#6: Finno, Carrie J., Valberg, Stephanie J., Wunschmann, Arno., Murphy, Michael J. Seasonal pasture myopathy in horses in the midwestern United States: 14 cases (1998-2005) . javma-journal of the american veterinary medical association, 2006, vol. 229, no. 7, p. 1134–1141. DOI: 10.2460/javma.229.7.1134.
[
DOI link]
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Substance:
tremetone (RF-00003609-PAR)
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
-
-
Number of organisms dosed:
14
-
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
-
Critical effect:
MUSCLO-SKELETAL (TOX13A)
-
Target tissue:
cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
-
Effect description:
weakness, muscle fasciculations, lethargy, prolonged recumbency, increased serum CK activity, aspartate transaminase activity, acute severe myonecrosis with lipid accumulation in muscles, myocardial necrosis
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Tremetone toxicity in horses - increased CK, AST; muscle necrosis; myocardial necrosis
Endpoint study
#7: Meyerholtz, Kimberly A., Burcham, Grant N., Miller, Margaret A., Wilson, Christina R., Hooser, Stephen B., Lee, Stephen T. Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to diagnose white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) poisoning in a cow . journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 2011, vol. 23, no. 4, p. 775–779. DOI: 10.1177/1040638711407899.
[
DOI link]
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Substance:
tremetone (RF-00003609-PAR)
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Preparation/Extraction method:
Fresh (A166Y)
-
Additional plant/substance description:
tremetone and dehydrotremetone
-
Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
-
Tested organism:
Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
-
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
6
-
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
-
Critical effect:
MUSCLO-SKELETAL (TOX13A)
-
Target tissue:
Muscle, Skeletal (TT055A)
-
Effect description:
weight loss, excessive salivation, dyspnea, severe skeletal muscle necrosis, trembling; the death of cardiotoxic effects
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
food consumption (CHD007BE)
-
Internal remarks:
Skeletal muscular effects (weight loss, excessive salivation, dyspnea, severe skeletal muscle necrosis, trembling; the death of cardiotoxic effects) in cow linked to toxic effect of tremetone and dehydrotremetone
Endpoint study
#8: Lee, Stephen T., Davis, T. Zane., Cook, Daniel., Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Evaluation of Drying Methods and Toxicity of Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) in Goats . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2012, vol. 60, no. 19, p. 4849–4853. DOI: 10.1021/jf300829v.
[
DOI link]
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Substance:
tremetone (RF-00003609-PAR)
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Preparation/Extraction method:
Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
-
Additional plant/substance description:
tremetone, dehydrotremetone and 3-oxyangeloyl-tremetone
-
Type of toxicological test:
short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
-
Tested organism:
Goat (as animal) (A057P)
-
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
-
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
4
-
-
Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
-
Concentration unit:
Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
-
-
Critical effect:
MUSCLO-SKELETAL (TOX13A)
-
Target tissue:
Muscle, Skeletal (TT055A)
-
Effect description:
Three of the four goats became sore and reluctant to move; trembles, degeneration and necrosis of skeletal muscle.
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
mobility (CHD011BE)
-
Internal remarks:
tremetone toxicity stable after drying causing degeneration and necrosis of skeletal muscle.
Endpoint study
#9: Davis, T. Z., Stegelmeier, B. L., Lee, S. T., Collett, M. G., Green, B. T., Pfister, J. A., Evans, T. J., Grum, D. S., Buck, S. White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes . research in veterinary science, 2016, vol. 106, p. 29–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.008.
[
DOI link]
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Preparation/Extraction method:
Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
-
Type of toxicological test:
short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
-
Tested organism:
Goat (as animal) (A057P)
-
Strain of test organism:
Other (CHD049ST)
-
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
-
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
32
-
Control groups used:
yes, plain diet
-
Endpoint measured:
No Observed Effect Dose (CHD007EP)
-
Concentration unit:
other (G244A)
-
-
Critical effect:
MUSCLO-SKELETAL (TOX13A)
-
Target tissue:
Muscle, Skeletal (TT055A)
-
Effect description:
muscle fatigue; skeletal muscle degeneration and necrosis, inflammatory changes
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
-
Internal remarks:
muscle degeneration and necrosis
Endpoint study
#10: Davis, T. Z., Stegelmeier, B. L., Lee, S. T., Collett, M. G., Green, B. T., Pfister, J. A., Evans, T. J., Grum, D. S., Buck, S. White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes . research in veterinary science, 2016, vol. 106, p. 29–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.008.
[
DOI link]
-
Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
-
Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
-
Preparation/Extraction method:
Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
-
Type of toxicological test:
short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
-
Tested organism:
Goat (as animal) (A057P)
-
Strain of test organism:
Other (CHD049ST)
-
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
-
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
32
-
Control groups used:
yes, plain diet
-
Endpoint measured:
No Observed Effect Dose (CHD007EP)
-
Concentration unit:
other (G244A)
-
-
Critical effect:
Digestive (TOX18A)
-
Target tissue:
digestive: Liver (TT023A)
-
Effect description:
significant differences in CK, AST, ALT, LDH;
-
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
-
Internal remarks:
differences in CK, AST, ALT, LDH;