EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Buchu (as plant) // Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Pillans // Barosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl.

Family:: Rutaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 136
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: menthone in leaves #2: isomenthone in leaves #3: pulegone in leaves #4: 1,8-cineole #5: isomenthone #6: menthone #7: 1,8-cineole #8: isomenthone #9: cis-isopulegone #10: menthone #11: myrcene #12: trans-isopulegone #13: pulegone

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

#1: genotoxic properties of the methanolic and water extract

Composition #1: Ntwana, B., Agenbag, G. A., Langenhoven, P. Growth, inorganic content and essential oil quality of Buchu (Agathosma betulina) found in its natural habitat in the Cederberg Mountains . south african journal of plant and soil, 2011, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 213–217. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

menthone (RF-00011280-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.7-6.8
Internal remarks:

menthone in leaves

Composition #2: Ntwana, B., Agenbag, G. A., Langenhoven, P. Growth, inorganic content and essential oil quality of Buchu (Agathosma betulina) found in its natural habitat in the Cederberg Mountains . south african journal of plant and soil, 2011, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 213–217. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

d,l-Isomenthone (RF-00010214-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.1-19.8
Internal remarks:

isomenthone in leaves

Composition #3: Ntwana, B., Agenbag, G. A., Langenhoven, P. Growth, inorganic content and essential oil quality of Buchu (Agathosma betulina) found in its natural habitat in the Cederberg Mountains . south african journal of plant and soil, 2011, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 213–217. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gaschromatography (GC) (F037A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.5-3.3
Internal remarks:

pulegone in leaves

Composition #4: Posthumus, M.A., van Beek, T.A., Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H. Chemical composition of the essential oils of agathosma betulina, A. Crenulata and an A. Betulina x crenulata Hybrid (buchu). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 223–228. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700606. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

distillation of dried plant material
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.43
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole

Composition #5: Posthumus, M.A., van Beek, T.A., Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H. Chemical composition of the essential oils of agathosma betulina, A. Crenulata and an A. Betulina x crenulata Hybrid (buchu). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 223–228. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700606. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

distillation of the dried plant material
Substance:

d,l-Isomenthone (RF-00010214-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

19.91
Internal remarks:

isomenthone

Composition #6: Posthumus, M.A., van Beek, T.A., Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H. Chemical composition of the essential oils of agathosma betulina, A. Crenulata and an A. Betulina x crenulata Hybrid (buchu). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 223–228. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700606. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

distillation of the dried plant material
Substance:

menthone (RF-00011280-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.82
Internal remarks:

menthone

Composition #7: Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H., Van Beek, T.A., Lelyveld, G.P. Chemotaxonomy of commercial buchu species (agathosma betulina and A. Crenulata). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 229–235. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700607. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=4.43
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole

Composition #8: Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H., Van Beek, T.A., Lelyveld, G.P. Chemotaxonomy of commercial buchu species (agathosma betulina and A. Crenulata). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 229–235. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700607. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

d,l-Isomenthone (RF-00010214-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.57-49.20
Internal remarks:

isomenthone

Composition #9: Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H., Van Beek, T.A., Lelyveld, G.P. Chemotaxonomy of commercial buchu species (agathosma betulina and A. Crenulata). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 229–235. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700607. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

cis-isopulegone (RF-00003746-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.23-1.85
Internal remarks:

cis-isopulegone

Composition #10: Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H., Van Beek, T.A., Lelyveld, G.P. Chemotaxonomy of commercial buchu species (agathosma betulina and A. Crenulata). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 229–235. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700607. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

menthone (RF-00011280-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.46-42.63
Internal remarks:

menthone

Composition #11: Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H., Van Beek, T.A., Lelyveld, G.P. Chemotaxonomy of commercial buchu species (agathosma betulina and A. Crenulata). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 229–235. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700607. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.21-2.83
Internal remarks:

myrcene

Composition #12: Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H., Van Beek, T.A., Lelyveld, G.P. Chemotaxonomy of commercial buchu species (agathosma betulina and A. Crenulata). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 229–235. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700607. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

trans-isopulegone (RF-00004088-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.17-2.72
Internal remarks:

trans-isopulegone

Composition #13: Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H., Van Beek, T.A., Lelyveld, G.P. Chemotaxonomy of commercial buchu species (agathosma betulina and A. Crenulata). journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 229–235. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700607. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.63-4.46
Internal remarks:

pulegone

Genotox #1: Steenkamp, V., Grimmer, H., Semano, M., Gulumian, M. Antioxidant and genotoxic properties of South African herbal extracts. mutation research-genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis, 2005, vol. 581, no. 1-2, p. 35–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.10.009. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage (CHD040TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Guideline used:

No guideline followed
Tested organism:

Other (A07XE)
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

no data
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

genotoxic properties of the methnolic and water extract
Internal remarks:

genotoxic properties of the methanolic and water extract
Internal ID:

WOS:000227622500004