EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Aconitum napellus L.

Family:: Ranunculaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 394
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: aconitine #2: Aconitine #3: Diterpene alkaloids #4: lycoctonine

Endpoint Studies

#1: Clinical signs of weakness, ataxia, respiratory distress, and diarrhea were observed. #2: 5 cattle died after ingestion of plant #3: aconitine in roots leading to cardiovascular and neurological symptoms #4: aconitine in flower - death

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Burmann, J. Annual Variations in the Amount of Active Principles of Certain Medicinal Plants.. zzz, 1911, vol. 49, p. 6–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.042-0.104
Internal remarks:

aconitine

Composition #2: Puschner, B., Booth, MC., Tor, ER., Odermatt, A. Diterpenoid alkaloid toxicosis in cattle in the Swiss Alps. veterinary and human toxicology, 2002, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 8–10. .

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Aconitine

Composition #3: Puschner, B., Booth, MC., Tor, ER., Odermatt, A. Diterpenoid alkaloid toxicosis in cattle in the Swiss Alps. veterinary and human toxicology, 2002, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 8–10. .

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

Diterpene alkaloids (RF-00004377-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Deltaline, deltamine
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Diterpene alkaloids

Composition #4: Puschner, B., Booth, MC., Tor, ER., Odermatt, A. Diterpenoid alkaloid toxicosis in cattle in the Swiss Alps. veterinary and human toxicology, 2002, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 8–10. .

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

Lycoctonine (RF-00011106-PAR)
Analytical method code:

LC-MS (F026A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lycoctonine

Endpoint study #1: Puschner, B., Booth, MC., Tor, ER., Odermatt, A. Diterpenoid alkaloid toxicosis in cattle in the Swiss Alps. veterinary and human toxicology, 2002, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 8–10. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Effect description:

Clinical signs of weakness, ataxia, respiratory distress, and diarrhea were observed.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

Clinical signs of weakness, ataxia, respiratory distress, and diarrhea were observed.

Endpoint study #2: Puschner, B., Booth, MC., Tor, ER., Odermatt, A. Diterpenoid alkaloid toxicosis in cattle in the Swiss Alps. veterinary and human toxicology, 2002, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 8–10. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Effect description:

5 cattle died after ingestion of plant
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

5 cattle died after ingestion of plant

Endpoint study #3: Moritz, F., Compagnon, P., Kaliszczak, IG., Kaliszczak, Y., Caliskan, V., Girault, C. Severe acute poisoning with homemade Aconitum napellus capsules: Toxicokinetic and clinical data . clinical toxicology, 2005, vol. 43, no. 7, p. 873–876. DOI: 10.1080/15563650500357594. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: CAPSULE (OECD2228PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram (G283A)
Effect concentration:

57
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

Cardiovascular and neurological symptoms
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

aconitine in roots leading to cardiovascular and neurological symptoms

Endpoint study #4: Pullela, Ravi., Young, Lorraine., Gallagher, Barry., Avis, Simon P., Randell, Edward W. A case of fatal aconitine poisoning by monkshood ingestion. journal of forensic sciences, 2008, vol. 53, no. 2, p. 491–494. DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00647.x. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

respiratory: Lung (TT041A)
Effect description:

nausea, vomiting, death; Histologic examination revealed bilateral massive intrapulmonary hemorrhage and edema
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

aconitine in flower - death