EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Ser.

Family:: Ranunculaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 92
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: total alkaloids in epigeal organs #2: aconitine and other alkaloids in roots #3: aconitine and other alkaloids in leaves #4: aconitine and other alklaoids in root #5: norditerpene alklaloids in root

Endpoint Studies

#1: cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal adverse effects #2: mortality at 100 mg/kg in rats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Bessonova, I. A., Saidkhodzhaeva, Sh. A., Usmanova, S. K. Alkaloids of cultivated species of Aconitum paniculatum and A. ferox.. khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1995, no. 6, p. 914–915. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform extract
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Total alkaloids in epigeal organs of the plant
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, IR, PMR spectra
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.1
Internal remarks:

total alkaloids in epigeal organs

Composition #2: Tomar, Brijendra Singh., Vishen, Archana Singh. Vatsnabha- a wonderful poisonous drug.. international journal of ayurveda and pharmaceutical chemistry, 2015, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 17–22. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aconitine and and other alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.3-2.0
Internal remarks:

aconitine and other alkaloids in roots

Composition #3: Tomar, Brijendra Singh., Vishen, Archana Singh. Vatsnabha- a wonderful poisonous drug.. international journal of ayurveda and pharmaceutical chemistry, 2015, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 17–22. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aconitine and and other alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2-1.2
Internal remarks:

aconitine and other alkaloids in leaves

Composition #4: Mol, V. C. Jiji., Shanmugapriya, P. SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION ON SIDDHA PURIFICATION PROCESS OF NABHI. international journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 2017, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 1790–1795. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

butter milk
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aconitine and and other alkaloids
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.2107
Internal remarks:

aconitine and other alklaoids in root

Composition #5: HANUMAN, JB., KATZ, A. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF 4 NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS FROM PROCESSED AND UNPROCESSED ROOT TUBERS OF ACONITUM-FEROX . journal of natural products, 1993, vol. 56, no. 6, p. 801–809. DOI: 10.1021/np50096a001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

25 % NaOH solution
Substance:

Norditerpene alkaloids (RF-00004304-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aconitine, benzoylaconine, bikhaconitine, pseudaconitine, veratroylbikhaconine, veratroylpseudaconine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

norditerpene alklaloids in root

Endpoint study #1: Tomar, Brijendra Singh., Vishen, Archana Singh. Vatsnabha- a wonderful poisonous drug.. international journal of ayurveda and pharmaceutical chemistry, 2015, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 17–22. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aconitine and other alkaloids
Type of toxicological test:

other (CHD008TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

cardiotoxicity (slow pulse, hypotension and cardiac arrhythmia); neurotoxicity (vertigo, restlessness, headache and giddiness); Gastrointestinal manifestation (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal adverse effects

Endpoint study #2: Deore, S L., Moon, K V., Khadabadi, S S., Deokate, U A., Baviskar, B A. Evaluation of toxicity of 'Vatsanabha' (Aconitum ferox, Ranunculaceae) Before and After Shodhana. . journal of young pharmacists : jyp, 2013, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 3–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.01.001. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

cholorophorm
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Exposure duration:

35.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Minute (G074A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Amount of drug required to induce mortality (CHD076EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

100
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

mortality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

mortality at 100 mg/kg in rats