EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes

Family:: Ranunculaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 42
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: aconitine in roots - ammonium reineckate method #2: indaconitine #3: aconitine - roots #4: alkaloid - isotalatisidine #5: norditerepene alkaloids in roots

Endpoint Studies

#1: dry root toxic to rats - chronic exposure - heamatology #2: dry root toxic to rats - chronic exposure - nephrotoxicity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kannan, L. V., Srivastava, S. K., Ray, G. K. Estimation of alkaloids in aconite root and its tincture.. indian journal of pharmacy, 1961, vol. 23, p. 212–13. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Formation of acetone-soluble red coloured complex of the alkaloids and ammonium reineckate
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

method based on the formation of acetone-soluble red coloured complex of the alkaloids and ammonium reineckate (colour intensity proportional to the concentration of the alkaloids calculated as aconitine)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.509-0.531
Internal remarks:

aconitine in roots - ammonium reineckate method

Composition #2: Wahid, M. A., Samiullah. Standardization of active principles of indigenous pharmacopoeial drugs found in West Pakistan.. pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, 1960, vol. 3, p. 228–30. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Norditerpene alkaloids (RF-00004304-PAR)
Additional substance description:

indaconitine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.6-3.8
Internal remarks:

indaconitine

Composition #3: Jabeen, Neelofar., Shakeel-u-Rehman., Bhat, Khursheed A., Khuroo, Mohd .A., Shawl, Abdul S. Quantitative determination of aconitine in Aconitum chasmanthum and Aconitum heterophyllum from Kashmir Himalayas using HPLC.. journal of pharmacy research, 2011, vol. 4, no. 8, p. 2471–2473. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

HCl extract of rhizomes
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.031-0.032
Internal remarks:

aconitine - roots

Composition #4: Samusenko, L.N., Razakova, D.M., Bessonova, I.A., Gorelova, A.P. Alkaloids of the cultivated species Aconitum chasmanthum and Delphinium elatum. chemistry of natural compounds, 1992, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 125–126. DOI: 10.1007/BF00629818. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform extract acidified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isotalatisidine
Analytical method code:

IR and Raman Spectroscopy (F010A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloid - isotalatisidine

Composition #5: Parvez, M., Gul, W., Anwar, S., Miana, GA., Atta-ur-Rahman., Choudhary, MI. Chasmaconitine 0.5-methanol solvate. acta crystallographica section c-crystal structure communications, 1998, vol. 54, p. 236–238. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270197013450. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Norditerpene alkaloids (RF-00004304-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Chasmaconitine, indaconitine, chasmanthinine
Analytical method code:

IR and Raman Spectroscopy (F010A)
Analytical method - additional description:

x-ray
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

norditerepene alkaloids in roots

Endpoint study #1: Sarkar, P K., Prajapati, P K., Shukla, V J., Ravishankar, B. Effect of shodhana treatment on chronic toxicity and recovery of aconite. . toxicology international, 2012, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 35–41. DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.94515. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional plant/substance description:

dry root tubers made into coarse powder
Type of toxicological test:

chronic/long term toxicity (CHD004TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

90.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

6.25
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
Effect description:

Changes in hematocrit (decrease of hemoglobin and increase of creatinin) hypoproliferation of red blood cells
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

dry root toxic to rats - chronic exposure - heamatology

Endpoint study #2: Sarkar, P K., Prajapati, P K., Shukla, V J., Ravishankar, B. Effect of shodhana treatment on chronic toxicity and recovery of aconite. . toxicology international, 2012, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 35–41. DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.94515. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

aconitine (RF-00003665-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional plant/substance description:

dry root tubers made into coarse powder
Type of toxicological test:

chronic/long term toxicity (CHD004TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

90.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

6.25
Critical effect:

NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
Effect description:

Peri-arteriolar cell infiltration in the cytoarchitecture of kidney (persistent pathology in kidney)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

dry root toxic to rats - chronic exposure - nephrotoxicity