EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.Bip.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 136
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: bisbolone epoxide #2: artemisia ketone in essential oil #3: alpha-thujone in essential oil #4: Beta-thujone in essential oil #5: 1,8-cineole in essential oil #6: tannin phenolics #7: Saponins in live plant #8: achillolide sequiterpene lactone in aerial parts #9: achillolide A,B in aerial parts of the plants

Endpoint Studies

#1: alpha glucosidase inhibiton EtOH, IC50 #2: alpha glucosidase inhibiton ButtOH, IC50 #3: alpha glucosidase inhibiton chloroform IC50

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Mustafa, E., Abdalla, S., Abu Zarga, M., Sabri, S. Constituents of Achillae fragrantissima and effects of 13-O-desacetyl-1-β-hydroxyafragloucolide on rat isolated smooth muscle. fitoterapia, 1992, vol. 63, no. 6, p. 526–533. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

hydrodistillation
Substance:

epoxides (RF-00010829-PAR)
Additional substance description:

bisbolone epoxide
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.54
Internal remarks:

bisbolone epoxide

Composition #2: Fleisher, Z., Fleisher, A. Volatiles of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip.: Aromatic plants of the holy land and the Sinai. Part XI. journal of essential oil research, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 211–214. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1993.9698204. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

artemisia ketone (RF-00004157-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC*GC/MS (F690A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.15-23.77
Internal remarks:

artemisia ketone in essential oil

Composition #3: Fleisher, Z., Fleisher, A. Volatiles of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip.: Aromatic plants of the holy land and the Sinai. Part XI. journal of essential oil research, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 211–214. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1993.9698204. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

alpha-thujone (RF-00003676-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC*GC/MS (F690A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

25.54-36.50
Internal remarks:

alpha-thujone in essential oil

Composition #4: Fleisher, Z., Fleisher, A. Volatiles of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip.: Aromatic plants of the holy land and the Sinai. Part XI. journal of essential oil research, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 211–214. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1993.9698204. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

beta-thujone (RF-00003712-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC*GC/MS (F690A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.63-11.55
Internal remarks:

Beta-thujone in essential oil

Composition #5: Fleisher, Z., Fleisher, A. Volatiles of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip.: Aromatic plants of the holy land and the Sinai. Part XI. journal of essential oil research, 1993, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 211–214. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1993.9698204. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC*GC/MS (F690A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=1.25
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in essential oil

Composition #6: Al-Harbi, K.B., El-Tigani-asil, E.A., Ahmed, A.F., El-Ashmawy, I.M., Al-Wabel, N.A. Wound healing potential of methanolic extracts of some plants native to Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. journal of food, agriculture and environment, 2016, vol. 14, no. 3-4, p. 18–22. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tannin phenolics
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

36.62
Internal remarks:

tannin phenolics

Composition #7: Abu-Hamdah, S., Afifi, FU., Shehadeh, M., Khalid, S. Simple quality-control procedures for selected medicinal plants commonly used in Jordan . pharmaceutical biology, 2005, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 1–7. DOI: 10.1080/13880200590903228. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

chloroform with methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins in live plant

Composition #8: Elmann, Anat., Telerman, Alona., Ofir, Rivka., Kashman, Yoel. Glutamate Toxicity to Differentiated Neuroblastoma N2a Cells Is Prevented by the Sesquiterpene Lactone Achillolide A and the Flavonoid 3,5,4'-Trihydroxy-6,7,3'-Trimethoxyflavone from Achillea fragrantissima . journal of molecular neuroscience, 2017, vol. 62, no. 1, p. 99–105. DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0916-y. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethyl acetate
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Additional substance description:

achillolide A
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

achillolide sequiterpene lactone in aerial parts

Composition #9: SEGAL, R., DOR, A., DUDDECK, H., SNATZKE, G., ROSENBAUM, D., KAJTAR, M. THE SESQUITERPENE LACTONES FROM ACHILLEA FRAGRANTISSIMA .1. ACHILLOLIDE-A AND ACHILLOLIDE-B, 2 NOVEL GERMACRANOLIDES . tetrahedron, 1987, vol. 43, no. 18, p. 4125–4132. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)83452-9. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol with petrol ether
Substance:

Germacranolide (RF-00011355-PAR)
Additional substance description:

achillolide A, B
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

achillolide A,B in aerial parts of the plants

Endpoint study #1: Ezzat, Shahira M., Salama, Maha M. A new a-glucosidase inhibitor from Achillea fragrantissima ( Forssk.) Sch Bip. growingin Egypt . natural product research, 2014, vol. 28, no. 11, p. 812–818. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.891203. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

26.66
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition (IC 50)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibiton EtOH, IC50

Endpoint study #2: Ezzat, Shahira M., Salama, Maha M. A new a-glucosidase inhibitor from Achillea fragrantissima ( Forssk.) Sch Bip. growingin Egypt . natural product research, 2014, vol. 28, no. 11, p. 812–818. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.891203. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

butanol
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

102.16
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition (IC50)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibiton ButtOH, IC50

Endpoint study #3: Ezzat, Shahira M., Salama, Maha M. A new a-glucosidase inhibitor from Achillea fragrantissima ( Forssk.) Sch Bip. growingin Egypt . natural product research, 2014, vol. 28, no. 11, p. 812–818. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.891203. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

chloroform
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

129.7
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition (IC50)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha glucosidase inhibiton chloroform IC50