EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 632
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: The essential oil of Acacia farnesiana flowers contains benzaldehyde #2: The essential oil of Acacia farnesiana flowers contains methyl salicylate #3: the essential oil of Acacia farnesiana flower contains salicylic acid #4: The trypsin inhibitor in seed was arbitrary quantified in 24.53 Trypsin Units Inhibited/ mg dry seed. #5: linamarin #6: lotaustralin #7: Cyanogenic glycosides from aerial part #8: Coumarins from aerial part #9: Condensed tannins (from 0.5% to 8.28%) have been dosed in the leaves #10: Alkaloids have been detected in the aerial parts , #11: methylsalicylate, anysaldeyde and benzaldehyde have been detected by TLC in the essential oil. #12: Acacia farnesiana had a content of tannins of condensed type in the husk of 9.7% #13: Acacia farnesiana had a content of tannins in husk of 11.6%. #14: Acacia farnesiana had a content of tannins of 1.8% of condensed type in the seed. #15: Acacia farnesiana had a content of tannins of 2.2 % in the seed. #16: Trypsin inhibitors in seeds #17: Alkaloids in seeds

Endpoint Studies

#1: LD50 of aqueous extract of dried and powdered leaves and small stem of Acacia farnesiana were determined in mice as being equal to 1.499 and 0.775 g/Kg, respectively. #2: LD50 of ethanol extracts of dried and powdered leaves and small stem of Acacia farnesiana were determined in mice as being equal to 1.499 and 0.775 g/Kg, respectively. #3: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in branches

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Walbaum, Heinrich. Ethereal oil of cassia flowers.. journal fuer praktische chemie (leipzig), 1903, vol. 68, no. ii, p. 235–50. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

The essential oil of Acacia farnesiana flowers contains benzaldehyde

Composition #2: Walbaum, Heinrich. Ethereal oil of cassia flowers.. journal fuer praktische chemie (leipzig), 1903, vol. 68, no. ii, p. 235–50. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

methyl salicylate (RF-00003930-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

The essential oil of Acacia farnesiana flowers contains methyl salicylate

Composition #3: Walbaum, Heinrich. Ethereal oil of cassia flowers.. journal fuer praktische chemie (leipzig), 1903, vol. 68, no. ii, p. 235–50. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Salicylic acid (RF-00000241-VET)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

the essential oil of Acacia farnesiana flower contains salicylic acid

Composition #4: Giral, F., Sotelo, A., Lucas, B., De la Vega, A. Chemical composition and toxic factors content in fifteen leguminous seeds.. quarterly journal of crude drug research, 1978, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 143–9. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Trypsin inhibitors Trypsin inhibitors (RF-00004339-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

The trypsin inhibitor in seed was arbitrary quantified in 24.53 Trypsin Units Inhibited/ mg dry seed.

Composition #5: De La Cruz, S., Rodríguez, E., Dávalos, H.N., Astudillo-Vázquez, A. Acute toxicity and decreased peristalsis in mice caused by Taxodium mucronatum and Acacia farnesiana extracts. revista latinoamericana de quimica, 2012, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 19–25. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

linamarin (RF-00003902-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

linamarin

Composition #6: De La Cruz, S., Rodríguez, E., Dávalos, H.N., Astudillo-Vázquez, A. Acute toxicity and decreased peristalsis in mice caused by Taxodium mucronatum and Acacia farnesiana extracts. revista latinoamericana de quimica, 2012, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 19–25. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

lotaustralin (RF-00003908-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

lotaustralin

Composition #7: [Anonymous]. Final report of the safety assessment of Acacia catechu gum, Acacia concinna fruit extract, Acacia dealbata leaf extract, Acacia dealbata leaf wax, Acacia decurrens extract, Acacia farnesiana extract, Acacia farnesiana flower wax, Acacia farnesiana gum, Acacia senegal extract, Acacia senegal gum, and Acacia senegal gum extract. . international journal of toxicology, 2005, vol. 24 Suppl 3, p. 75–118. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional extraction description:

extraction method: unspecified; extracted from: pod, leaf, stem
Substance:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Linamarin and Lotaustralin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cyanogenic glycosides from aerial part

Composition #8: [Anonymous]. Final report of the safety assessment of Acacia catechu gum, Acacia concinna fruit extract, Acacia dealbata leaf extract, Acacia dealbata leaf wax, Acacia decurrens extract, Acacia farnesiana extract, Acacia farnesiana flower wax, Acacia farnesiana gum, Acacia senegal extract, Acacia senegal gum, and Acacia senegal gum extract. . international journal of toxicology, 2005, vol. 24 Suppl 3, p. 75–118. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional extraction description:

extraction method: unspecified; extracted from: pod, leaf, stem, old stem, and flower
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins from aerial part

Composition #9: [Anonymous]. Final report of the safety assessment of Acacia catechu gum, Acacia concinna fruit extract, Acacia dealbata leaf extract, Acacia dealbata leaf wax, Acacia decurrens extract, Acacia farnesiana extract, Acacia farnesiana flower wax, Acacia farnesiana gum, Acacia senegal extract, Acacia senegal gum, and Acacia senegal gum extract. . international journal of toxicology, 2005, vol. 24 Suppl 3, p. 75–118. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

condensed tannins
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.5-8.28
Internal remarks:

Condensed tannins (from 0.5% to 8.28%) have been dosed in the leaves

Composition #10: [Anonymous]. Final report of the safety assessment of Acacia catechu gum, Acacia concinna fruit extract, Acacia dealbata leaf extract, Acacia dealbata leaf wax, Acacia decurrens extract, Acacia farnesiana extract, Acacia farnesiana flower wax, Acacia farnesiana gum, Acacia senegal extract, Acacia senegal gum, and Acacia senegal gum extract. . international journal of toxicology, 2005, vol. 24 Suppl 3, p. 75–118. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids have been detected in the aerial parts ,

Composition #11: [Anonymous]. Final report of the safety assessment of Acacia catechu gum, Acacia concinna fruit extract, Acacia dealbata leaf extract, Acacia dealbata leaf wax, Acacia decurrens extract, Acacia farnesiana extract, Acacia farnesiana flower wax, Acacia farnesiana gum, Acacia senegal extract, Acacia senegal gum, and Acacia senegal gum extract. . international journal of toxicology, 2005, vol. 24 Suppl 3, p. 75–118. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

methyl salicylate (RF-00003930-PAR)
Additional substance description:

anysaldehyde and benzaldehyde
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

methylsalicylate, anysaldeyde and benzaldehyde have been detected by TLC in the essential oil.

Composition #12: Barrientos-Ramirez, Lucia., Vargas-Radillo, J. Jesus., Rodriguez-Rivas, Antonio., Guillermo Ochoa-Ruiz, Hector., Navarro-Arzate, Fernando., Zorrilla, Jose. Evaluation of characteristics of huizache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) fruit for potential use in leather tanning or animal feeding . madera y bosques, 2012, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 23–35. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Husk (as part-nature) (A166J)
Substance:

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (RF-00004370-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.7
Internal remarks:

Acacia farnesiana had a content of tannins of condensed type in the husk of 9.7%

Composition #13: Barrientos-Ramirez, Lucia., Vargas-Radillo, J. Jesus., Rodriguez-Rivas, Antonio., Guillermo Ochoa-Ruiz, Hector., Navarro-Arzate, Fernando., Zorrilla, Jose. Evaluation of characteristics of huizache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) fruit for potential use in leather tanning or animal feeding . madera y bosques, 2012, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 23–35. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Husk (as part-nature) (A166J)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Non Detected Value ( less than LOD) (LOD)
Value (concentration, content):

11.6
Internal remarks:

Acacia farnesiana had a content of tannins in husk of 11.6%.

Composition #14: Barrientos-Ramirez, Lucia., Vargas-Radillo, J. Jesus., Rodriguez-Rivas, Antonio., Guillermo Ochoa-Ruiz, Hector., Navarro-Arzate, Fernando., Zorrilla, Jose. Evaluation of characteristics of huizache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) fruit for potential use in leather tanning or animal feeding . madera y bosques, 2012, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 23–35. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (RF-00004370-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.8
Internal remarks:

Acacia farnesiana had a content of tannins of 1.8% of condensed type in the seed.

Composition #15: Barrientos-Ramirez, Lucia., Vargas-Radillo, J. Jesus., Rodriguez-Rivas, Antonio., Guillermo Ochoa-Ruiz, Hector., Navarro-Arzate, Fernando., Zorrilla, Jose. Evaluation of characteristics of huizache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) fruit for potential use in leather tanning or animal feeding . madera y bosques, 2012, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 23–35. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Result unit:

Gram/100 gram (G013A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.2
Internal remarks:

Acacia farnesiana had a content of tannins of 2.2 % in the seed.

Composition #16: OrtegaNieblas, M., VazquezMoreno, L., RoblesBurgueno, MR. Protein quality and antinutritional factors of wild legume seeds from the Sonoran Desert . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1996, vol. 44, no. 10, p. 3130–3132. DOI: 10.1021/jf9506139. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

Trypsin inhibitors Trypsin inhibitors (RF-00004339-PAR)
Additional substance description:

content of trypsin inhibitors: 67 TIU/g
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Analytical method - additional description:

procedure described by Hamerstrand and Black (1981)
Result unit:

Unit (G005A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

67
Internal remarks:

Trypsin inhibitors in seeds

Composition #17: OrtegaNieblas, M., VazquezMoreno, L., RoblesBurgueno, MR. Protein quality and antinutritional factors of wild legume seeds from the Sonoran Desert . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1996, vol. 44, no. 10, p. 3130–3132. DOI: 10.1021/jf9506139. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in seeds

Endpoint study #1: De La Cruz, S., Rodríguez, E., Dávalos, H.N., Astudillo-Vázquez, A. Acute toxicity and decreased peristalsis in mice caused by Taxodium mucronatum and Acacia farnesiana extracts. revista latinoamericana de quimica, 2012, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 19–25. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

3
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

1.499
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

lethality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD50 of aqueous extract of dried and powdered leaves and small stem of Acacia farnesiana were determined in mice as being equal to 1.499 and 0.775 g/Kg, respectively.

Endpoint study #2: De La Cruz, S., Rodríguez, E., Dávalos, H.N., Astudillo-Vázquez, A. Acute toxicity and decreased peristalsis in mice caused by Taxodium mucronatum and Acacia farnesiana extracts. revista latinoamericana de quimica, 2012, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 19–25. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Hamster (as animal) (A0CNX)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

3
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

0.775
Effect description:

Lethality
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD50 of ethanol extracts of dried and powdered leaves and small stem of Acacia farnesiana were determined in mice as being equal to 1.499 and 0.775 g/Kg, respectively.

Endpoint study #3: Mata, R., Cristians, S., Escandón-Rivera, S., Juárez-Reyes, K., Rivero-Cruz, I. Mexican antidiabetic herbs: Valuable sources of inhibitors of α-glucosidases. journal of natural products, 2013, vol. 76, no. 3, p. 468–483. DOI: 10.1021/np300869g. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

hydroalcohol, petroleum ether, dichloroetane or ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

not reported (CHD015TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

21.0
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibitotion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in branches