EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Grape seeds // Vitis vinifera L.

Family:: Vitaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 37245
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) in seed #2: Gallic acid

Endpoint Studies

#1: Dog mortality iinduced by seed

Genotoxicity

#1: Grape seed and skin extract was weakly mutagenic to the dose 5 mg/plate

Composition #1: Yamakoshi, J., Saito, M., Kataoka, S., Kikuchi, M. Safety evaluation of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds. food and chemical toxicology, 2002, vol. 40, no. 5, p. 599–607. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00006-6. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (RF-00004370-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) in seed

Composition #2: Stagos, Dimitrios., Spanou, Chrysa., Margariti, Maria., Stathopoulos, Constantinos., Mamuris, Zissis., Kazantzoglou, Georgios., Magiatis, Prokopios., Kouretas, Demetrios. Cytogenetic effects of grape extracts (Vitis vinifera) and polyphenols on mitomycin C-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human blood lymphocytes . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2007, vol. 55, no. 13, p. 5246–5252. DOI: 10.1021/jf0635255. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol, water
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.22-1.57
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid

Endpoint study #1: Yoon, Soon-Seek., Byun, Jae-Won., Kim, Min-Jeong., Bae, You-Chan., Shin, Yeun-Kyung., Yoon, Sorah., Lee, Garam., Song, Jae-Young. Natural Occurrence of Grape Poisoning in Two Dogs. journal of veterinary medical science, 2011, vol. 73, no. 2, p. 275–277. DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0177. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Dog (as animal) (A0CNL)
Sex:

Male/Female
Exposure duration:

3.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

2
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Effect description:

Mortality - systemic collapse (pathological changes in different organs, especially in kidneys)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Dog mortality iinduced by seed

Genotox #1: Lluis, Laura., Munoz, Monica., Rosa Nogues, M., Sanchez-Martos, Vanessa., Romeu, Marta., Giralt, Montse., Valls, Josep., Sola, Rosa. Toxicology evaluation of a procyanidin-rich extract from grape skins and seeds . food and chemical toxicology, 2011, vol. 49, no. 6, p. 1450–1454. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.042. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

bacterial reverse mutation assay (CHD028TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Salmonella typhimurium (as organism) (A0CPZ)
Strain of test organism:

TA 1537 (CHD026ST)
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

with and without
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

gene mutation
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Grape seed and skin extract was weakly mutagenic to the dose 5 mg/plate
Internal remarks:

Grape seed and skin extract was weakly mutagenic to the dose 5 mg/plate
Internal ID:

WOS:000291514800039