EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.

Family:: Combretaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1280
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Saponins #2: oxalates #3: total alkaloids

Endpoint Studies

#1: potent antifertility activity of bark extract #2: alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Suely, A., Zabed, H., Ahmed, A B A., Mohamad, J., Nasiruddin, M., Sahu, J N., Ganesan, P. Toxicological and hematological effect of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2016, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 431–44. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0149-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 % acetone
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in stem bark
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.11
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #2: Suely, A., Zabed, H., Ahmed, A B A., Mohamad, J., Nasiruddin, M., Sahu, J N., Ganesan, P. Toxicological and hematological effect of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2016, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 431–44. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0149-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 % ethanol
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in stem bark
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.38
Internal remarks:

oxalates

Composition #3: Suely, A., Zabed, H., Ahmed, A B A., Mohamad, J., Nasiruddin, M., Sahu, J N., Ganesan, P. Toxicological and hematological effect of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2016, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 431–44. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0149-3. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

80 % ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Total alkaloids in stem bark
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.14
Internal remarks:

total alkaloids

Endpoint study #1: Prakash, A.O. Biological evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts for contraceptive efficacy Future Aspects in Contraception. International Symposium. Heidelberg 5-8 September 1984. contracept. deliv. syst., 1984, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 9. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

hexane
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Female
Exposure duration:

3.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

50
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
Effect description:

potent antifertility activity (100% late pregnancy antifertility)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

potent antifertility activity of bark extract

Endpoint study #2: Anam, K., Widharna, R. M., Kusrini, D. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity of Terminalia Species. international journal of pharmacology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 277–280. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 96%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

5.41
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

Alpha-glucosidase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition