EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Blond psyllium (as plant) // Plantago ovata Forssk.

Family:: Plantaginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1079
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Coumarins #2: Furanocoumarins #3: Cardiac glycosides #4: Tannins #5: Tannic acid

Endpoint Studies

#1: alpha-glucosidase inhibition #2: Abortion

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Grace, Mary H., Nofal, Salwa M. Pharmaco-chemical investigations of Plantago ovata aerial parts. bulletin of the faculty of pharmacy (cairo university), 2001, p. 345–352. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

marmesin, umbelliferone
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins

Composition #2: Grace, Mary H., Nofal, Salwa M. Pharmaco-chemical investigations of Plantago ovata aerial parts. bulletin of the faculty of pharmacy (cairo university), 2001, p. 345–352. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

imperatorin, xanthotoxin, bergapten, xanthotoxol
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Furanocoumarins

Composition #3: Abbas, Mazhar., Shahid, Muhammad., Iqbal, Munawar., Anjum, Fozia., Sharif, Sumaira., Ahmed, Sohail., Pirzada, Tajnees. Antitermitic activity and phytochemical analysis of fifteen medicinal plant seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013, p. 1608–1617. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides

Composition #4: Abbas, Mazhar., Shahid, Muhammad., Iqbal, Munawar., Anjum, Fozia., Sharif, Sumaira., Ahmed, Sohail., Pirzada, Tajnees. Antitermitic activity and phytochemical analysis of fifteen medicinal plant seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013, p. 1608–1617. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

17.9
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #5: Abbas, Mazhar., Shahid, Muhammad., Iqbal, Munawar., Anjum, Fozia., Sharif, Sumaira., Ahmed, Sohail., Pirzada, Tajnees. Antitermitic activity and phytochemical analysis of fifteen medicinal plant seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013, p. 1608–1617. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH
Substance:

tannic acid (RF-00004069-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannic acid

Endpoint study #1: Palanuvej, C., Hokputsa, S., Tunsaringkarn, T., Ruangrungsi, N. In vitro glucose entrapment and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of mucilaginous substances from selected Thai medicinal plants. scientia pharmaceutica, 2009, vol. 77, no. 4, p. 837–849. DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.0907-17. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

27
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

27% inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by 0.5% mucilage
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Endpoint study #2: Shah, Ghulam Mujtaba., Khan, Mir Ajab., Ahmad, Mushtaq., Zafar, Muhammad., Khan, Aftab Ahmed. Observations on antifertility and abortifacient herbal drugs. african journal of biotechnology, 2009, vol. 8, no. 9, p. 1959–1964. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

Seed and husk mucilage
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram (G148A)
Effect concentration:

5
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

abortion; 5 g daily early in the morning is taken orally for the termination of pregnancy
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Abortion