EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.

Family:: Pinaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2132
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

Endpoint Studies

#1: premature parturition #2: higher serum estradiol, lower serum progesterone #3: 13-week oral study, seed oil in feed. NOAEL at highest dose tested.

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Seun, Yoo Kyung., 문복희. Characterization of Violatile Essential Oil from Needle Leaves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry . journal of the korea society for environmental analysis, 2005, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 181–185. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Naphthalene (RF-0801-001-PPP)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.60
Internal remarks:

Naphthalene

Composition #2: Seun, Yoo Kyung., 문복희. Characterization of Violatile Essential Oil from Needle Leaves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry . journal of the korea society for environmental analysis, 2005, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 181–185. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.26
Internal remarks:

Myrcene

Endpoint study #1: Kim, I.-H., Choi, K.-C., An, B.-S., Choi, I.-G., Kim, B.-K., Oh, Y.-K., Jeung, E.-B. Effect on abortion of feeding Korean pine needles to pregnant Korean native cows. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2003, vol. 67, no. 3, p. 194–197. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

fermentation
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

154.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gramm/daily portion (G173A)
Effect concentration:

1300
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

abortions in mid-pregnancy (2 dosed groups n=5)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

premature parturition

Endpoint study #2: Kim, I.-H., Choi, K.-C., An, B.-S., Choi, I.-G., Kim, B.-K., Oh, Y.-K., Jeung, E.-B. Effect on abortion of feeding Korean pine needles to pregnant Korean native cows. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2003, vol. 67, no. 3, p. 194–197. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fermentation (A0CQZ)
Additional plant/substance description:

fermentation
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

154.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gramm/daily portion (G173A)
Effect concentration:

2700
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

higher estradiol concentration, lower progesteron level (2 dosed groups n=5)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

higher serum estradiol, lower serum progesterone

Endpoint study #3: Speijers, Gerrit J. A., Dederen, Louis H. T., Keizer, Hiskias. A sub-chronic (13 weeks) oral toxicity study in rats and an in vitro genotoxicity study with Korean pine nut oil (PinnoThin TG (TM)) . regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 2009, vol. 55, no. 2, p. 158–165. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.06.010. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

seed oil
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Limit test:

Yes
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

13.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

80
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NONE (TOX14A)
Effect description:

This NOAEL corresponded to a mean of 8866 and 10,242 mg KPNO/kg bw/day for males and females, respectively. It was the highest dose tested.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

no adverse effect observed (CHD018BE)
Internal remarks:

13-week oral study, seed oil in feed. NOAEL at highest dose tested.