EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Field poppy infusion flowers // Papaver rhoeas L.

Family:: Papaveraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1100
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Rhoeadine #2: Rhoeagenine #3: Coptisine #4: Total alkaloids #5: Rhoeadine #6: Alkaloids

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of the Papaveraceae. Part LXVI. Characterization of alkaloids from the roots of Papaver rhoeas L. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1978, p. 316–319. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Rhoeadine (RF-00011047-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Specific optical rotation (SOR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.027
Internal remarks:

Rhoeadine

Composition #2: Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of the Papaveraceae. Part LXVI. Characterization of alkaloids from the roots of Papaver rhoeas L. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1978, p. 316–319. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Isorheagenine (RF-00011148-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Specific optical rotation (SOR)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.024
Internal remarks:

Rhoeagenine

Composition #3: Slavik, Jiri., Slavikova, Leonora., Bochorakova, Jitka. Alkaloids of the Papaveraceae. Part LXXXVIII. Alkaloids from Papaver rhoeas var. chelidonioides O. Kuntze, P. confine Jord., and P. dubium L. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1989, p. 1118–1125. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

coptisine (RF-00004215-PAR)
Analytical method code:

IR and Raman Spectroscopy (F010A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.004
Internal remarks:

Coptisine

Composition #4: Slavik, Jiri., Slavikova, Leonora., Bochorakova, Jitka. Alkaloids of the Papaveraceae. Part LXXXVIII. Alkaloids from Papaver rhoeas var. chelidonioides O. Kuntze, P. confine Jord., and P. dubium L. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1989, p. 1118–1125. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Total alkaloids
Analytical method code:

IR and Raman Spectroscopy (F010A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.046
Internal remarks:

Total alkaloids

Composition #5: Slavik, Jiri., Slavikova, Leonora., Bochorakova, Jitka. Alkaloids of the Papaveraceae. Part LXXXVIII. Alkaloids from Papaver rhoeas var. chelidonioides O. Kuntze, P. confine Jord., and P. dubium L. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 1989, p. 1118–1125. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Rhoeadine (RF-00011047-PAR)
Analytical method code:

IR and Raman Spectroscopy (F010A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.027
Internal remarks:

Rhoeadine

Composition #6: Sariyar, Gunay., Mat, Afife., Unsal, Caglayan., Ozhatay, Neriman. Biodiversity in the alkaloids of annual Papaver species of Turkish origin. acta pharmaceutica turcica, 2002, p. 159–168. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Aporphine, protoberberine, protopine, rhoeadine
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Endpoint study #1: Gunaydin, Yahya Kemal., Dundar, Zerrin Defne., Cekmen, Bora., Akilli, Nazire Belgin., Koylu, Ramazan., Cander, Basar. Intoxication due to Papaver rhoeas (Corn Poppy): Five Case Reports.. Case reports in medicine, 2015, vol. 2015, p. 321360–321360. DOI: 10.1155/2015/321360. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Thermal treatment (heating for preservation) (A07HR)
Additional plant/substance description:

The plant has been baked prior to ingestion
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male/Female
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram (G148A)
Effect concentration:

250-500
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

Nausea, restlessness, and dyspnea; numbness and loss of power in arms and legs; contractions in her arms and legs, unconsciousness, and foam coming from the mouth;
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

Neurotoxicity

Endpoint study #2: Gonullu, Hayriye., Karadas, Sevdegul., Dulger, Ahmet Cumhur., Ebinc, Senar. Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Papaver Rhoease. JOURNAL OF THE PAKISTAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 2014, vol. 64, no. 10, p. 1189–1190. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Nausea, vomiting reported 2-3 h after ingestion, followed by signs of toxic hepatitis e.g. increased levels of liver enzymes two days after ingestion. The patient recovered.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

no data (CHD002BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity