Draft - work in progress
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- Gentiane (as plant) // Gentiana lutea L.
Gentiane (as plant) // Gentiana lutea L.
- Family:
- Gentianaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 507
- Number of processed references:
- 5
Composition #1: Rulko, Felicja. Isolation and study of the structure of alkaloids from Gentianaceae plants. prace naukowe akademii medycznej we wroclawiu, 1976, p. 3–36. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Substance:
venoterpine (RF-00011442-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Gentialutine
Composition #2: Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of β-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. Phytochemical Analysis, 1999, p. 247–253. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
diluted HCl and semicarbazide
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Substance:
harman (RF-00003852-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-FD (F022A)
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Result unit:
Nanogram/gram (G076A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
8.5-11.9
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Internal remarks:
Harman (quantitative)
Composition #3: Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of β-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. Phytochemical Analysis, 1999, p. 247–253. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
diluted HCl and semicarbazide
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Substance:
carboline alkaloids (RF-00004384-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
Harmol
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-FD (F022A)
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Result unit:
Nanogram/gram (G076A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
<=69.9
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Internal remarks:
Carboline alklaloid (harmol) quantitative
Composition #4: Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of β-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. Phytochemical Analysis, 1999, p. 247–253. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
diluted HCl and semicarbazide
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Substance:
norharmane (RF-00003952-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
HPLC-FD (F022A)
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Result unit:
Nanogram/gram (G076A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
66.6-77.4
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Internal remarks:
Norharman (quantitative)
Composition #5: Amakura, Yoshiaki., Yoshimura, Morio., Morimoto, Sara., Yoshida, Takashi., Tada, Atsuko., Ito, Yusai., Yamazaki, Takeshi., Sugimoto, Naoki., Akiyama, Hiroshi. Chromatographic Evaluation and Characterization of Components of Gentian Root Extract Used as Food Additives . chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2016, vol. 64, no. 1, p. 78–82. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
n-hexane, EtOAc, and n-BuOH
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Substance:
Hydroxymethylfurfural (RF-00000379-ORG)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
hydroxymethylfurfural (root)
Composition #6: Mustafa, Ahmed M., Caprioli, Giovanni., Maggi, Filippo., Vittori, Sauro., Sagratini, Gianni. Comparative Analysis of the Volatile Profiles from Wild, Cultivated, and Commercial Roots of Gentiana lutea L. by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) Coupled to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) . food analytical methods, 2016, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 311–321. DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0196-5.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)
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Substance:
furan derivatives (RF-00004396-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
5-methyl furfural, 2-pentylfuran, furfural, 2(2(5H)furanlidene)-tetrahydrofuran
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
furan derivatives (5-methyl furfural, 2-pentylfuran, furfural, 2(2(5H)furanlidene)-tetrahydrofuran)
Composition #7: Mustafa, Ahmed M., Caprioli, Giovanni., Maggi, Filippo., Vittori, Sauro., Sagratini, Gianni. Comparative Analysis of the Volatile Profiles from Wild, Cultivated, and Commercial Roots of Gentiana lutea L. by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) Coupled to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) . food analytical methods, 2016, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 311–321. DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0196-5.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)
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Substance:
Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
camphor
Composition #8: Mustafa, Ahmed M., Caprioli, Giovanni., Maggi, Filippo., Vittori, Sauro., Sagratini, Gianni. Comparative Analysis of the Volatile Profiles from Wild, Cultivated, and Commercial Roots of Gentiana lutea L. by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) Coupled to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) . food analytical methods, 2016, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 311–321. DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0196-5.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)
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Substance:
Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
estragole
Composition #9: Mustafa, Ahmed M., Caprioli, Giovanni., Maggi, Filippo., Vittori, Sauro., Sagratini, Gianni. Comparative Analysis of the Volatile Profiles from Wild, Cultivated, and Commercial Roots of Gentiana lutea L. by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) Coupled to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) . food analytical methods, 2016, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 311–321. DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0196-5.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)
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Substance:
Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
eugenol
Genotox #1: Patenkovic, Aleksandra., Stamenkovic-Radak, Marina., Nikolic, Dragana., Markovic, Tamara., Andelkovic, Marko. Synergistic effect of Gentiana lutea L. on methyl methanesulfonate genotoxicity in the Drosophila wing spot test . journal of ethnopharmacology, 2013, vol. 146, no. 2, p. 632–636. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.027.
[
DOI link]
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Study category:
Genotoxicity
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Type of toxicological test:
other (CHD008TT)
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Guideline used:
No guideline available
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Tested organism:
Drosophila melanogaster (as animal) (A0CMC)
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Exogenous metabolic activation applied:
not applicable
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
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Exposure duration for in vivo:
4.0
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Unit of exposure duration:
Hour (G099A)
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Endpoint measured:
gene mutation
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Remarks on genotox study:
gentian enhanced the frequency of mutant clones over the values obtained with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) alone
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Internal remarks:
water infusion of gentian can interfere in vivo with genotoxic agents
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Internal ID:
WOS:000316976400024