EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Globe artichokes // Cynara cardunculus L. Globe artichoke group

Family:: Asteraceae (Compositae)
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1412
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins (Cynarasaponins A,B,H,K) #2: sesquiterpene lactones

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

#1: Enhancement of 2-AF-induced mutagenicity in S. typhimurium strain TA98

Composition #1: Krizkova, L., Mucaji, P., Nagy, M., Krajcovic, J. Triterpenoid cynarasaponins from Cynara cardunculus L. reduce chemically induced mutagenesis in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE, 2004, vol. 11, no. 7-8, p. 673–678. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.09.001. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

pentacyclic triterpene saponins (RF-00004334-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Cynarasaponins (A,B,H,K)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

MS, C and H NMR, CC, TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Pentacyclic triterpene saponins (Cynarasaponins A,B,H,K)

Composition #2: Rial, Carlos., Novaes, Paula., Varela, Rosa M., Molinillo, Jose M. G., Macias, Francisco A. Phytotoxicity of Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) Allelochemicals on Standard Target Species and Weeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2014, vol. 62, no. 28, p. 6699–6706. DOI: 10.1021/jf501976h. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Dichlormethan, ethyl acetate, distilled water, methanol, acetone
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aguerin B, cynaropicrin, dehydromelitensin, grosheimin
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

H and C NMR, COSY, HMQC, HMBCm IR, MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

sesquiterpene lactones

Genotox #1: Miadokova, E., Nadova, S., Vickova, V., Duhova, V., Kopaskova, M., Cipak, L., Rauko, P., Mucaji, P., Grancai, D. Antigenotoxic effect of extract from Cynara cardunculus L. phytotherapy research, 2008, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 77–81. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2268. [DOI link]

Study category:

Mutagenicity
Type of toxicological test:

bacterial gene mutation assay (CHD027TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Salmonella typhimurium (as organism) (A0CPZ)
Strain of test organism:

TA 98 (CHD029ST)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

gene mutation
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Enhancement of 2-AF-induced mutagenicity in S. typhimurium strain TA98
Internal remarks:

Enhancement of 2-AF-induced mutagenicity in S. typhimurium strain TA98
Internal ID:

WOS:000252713900014