EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.

Family:: Plantaginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1332
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: tannins (leaf) #2: tannins (stem) #3: saponins (leaves) #4: saponins (stem) #5: alkaloids (leaves) #6: alkaloids (stem) #7: Bacoside B (saponin) #8: bacoside A (saponin)

Endpoint Studies

#1: LC50 brine shrimp letality assay

Genotoxicity

#1: Bacoside A and B showed increase in SCE on human lymphocytes #2: Bacoside A showed an increase in CA in human lymphocytes

Composition #1: Dhale, D.A. Histochemical investigation of two plant species valued as Medhya rasayanas. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 122–129. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins (leaf)

Composition #2: Dhale, D.A. Histochemical investigation of two plant species valued as Medhya rasayanas. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 122–129. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins (stem)

Composition #3: Dhale, D.A. Histochemical investigation of two plant species valued as Medhya rasayanas. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 122–129. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins (leaves)

Composition #4: Dhale, D.A. Histochemical investigation of two plant species valued as Medhya rasayanas. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 122–129. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

saponins (stem)

Composition #5: Dhale, D.A. Histochemical investigation of two plant species valued as Medhya rasayanas. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 122–129. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (leaves)

Composition #6: Dhale, D.A. Histochemical investigation of two plant species valued as Medhya rasayanas. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 122–129. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (stem)

Composition #7: Kalachaveedu, M., Papacchan, S., Sanyal, S., Koshy, T., Telapolu, S. Isolation and evaluation of cytogenetic effect of Brahmi saponins on cultured human lymphocytes exposed in vitro. Natural Product Research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 12, p. 1118–1121. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.979416. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

bacoside B (RF-00011252-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, IR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Bacoside B (saponin)

Composition #8: Kalachaveedu, M., Papacchan, S., Sanyal, S., Koshy, T., Telapolu, S. Isolation and evaluation of cytogenetic effect of Brahmi saponins on cultured human lymphocytes exposed in vitro. Natural Product Research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 12, p. 1118–1121. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.979416. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

bacoside A (RF-00011253-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC, IR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bacoside A (saponin)

Endpoint study #1: D'Souza, P., Deepak, M., Rani, P., Kadamboor, S., Mathew, A., Chandrashekar, AP., Agarwal, A. Brine shrimp lethality essay of Bacopa monnieri. phytotherapy research, 2002, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 197–198. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1001. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

bacoside A (RF-00011253-PAR)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Brine shrimp (as animal) (A0YSQ)
Sex:

No data
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Concentration producing lethality in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD023EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

38.3
Effect description:

LC50
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LC50 brine shrimp letality assay

Genotox #1: Kalachaveedu, M., Papacchan, S., Sanyal, S., Koshy, T., Telapolu, S. Isolation and evaluation of cytogenetic effect of Brahmi saponins on cultured human lymphocytes exposed in vitro. Natural Product Research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 12, p. 1118–1121. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.979416. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

sister chromatid exchange assay in mammalian cells (CHD039TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Strain of test organism:

lymphocytes (CHD036ST)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

not applicable
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

DNA damage and/or repair
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

At 30 mg/mL dose, bacoside A and B showed an increase in SCE.
Internal remarks:

Bacoside A and B showed increase in SCE on human lymphocytes
Internal ID:

eid=2-s2.0-84939417329

Genotox #2: Kalachaveedu, M., Papacchan, S., Sanyal, S., Koshy, T., Telapolu, S. Isolation and evaluation of cytogenetic effect of Brahmi saponins on cultured human lymphocytes exposed in vitro. Natural Product Research, 2015, vol. 29, no. 12, p. 1118–1121. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.979416. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test (CHD032TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Strain of test organism:

lymphocytes (CHD036ST)
Sex:

No data
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:

not applicable
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

chromosome aberration
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

bacoside A showed increase in CA in human lymphocytes at a dose of 30 microg/ml
Internal remarks:

Bacoside A showed an increase in CA in human lymphocytes
Internal ID:

eid=2-s2.0-84939417329