Draft - work in progress
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- Rheum australe D. Don // Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meisn.
Rheum australe D. Don // Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meisn.
- Family:
- Polygonaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 251
- Number of processed references:
- 6
Composition #1: Singh, P., Nee Pant, G.J., Rawat, M.S.M. Phytochemistry and biological activity perspectives of rheum species. Natural Products Journal, 2016, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 84–93. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
unspecified
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Substance:
1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives (RF-00004312-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
10-Hydroxycascaroside C and D; rhein-11-O- β-D-glucoside, 6-methyl-rhein
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Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives (10-Hydroxycascaroside C and D; rhein-11-O- β-D-glucoside, 6-methyl-rhein)
Composition #2: Singh, P., Nee Pant, G.J., Rawat, M.S.M. Phytochemistry and biological activity perspectives of rheum species. Natural Products Journal, 2016, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 84–93. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Additional extraction description:
unspecified
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Substance:
furan derivatives (RF-00004396-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
carpusin, maesopsin
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Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Furan derivatives (carpusin, maesopsin)
Composition #3: Rokaya, Maan Bahadur., Marsik, Petr., Muenzbergova, Zuzana. Active constituents in Rheum acuminatum and Rheum australe (Polygonaceae) roots: A variation between cultivated and naturally growing plants. BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, 2012, vol. 41, p. 83–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.11.004.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
extraction with 80% (v/v) MeOH/water
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Substance:
chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
MS/ HPLC
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Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
10.63
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Internal remarks:
chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR) - natural
Composition #4: Rokaya, Maan Bahadur., Marsik, Petr., Muenzbergova, Zuzana. Active constituents in Rheum acuminatum and Rheum australe (Polygonaceae) roots: A variation between cultivated and naturally growing plants. BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, 2012, vol. 41, p. 83–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.11.004.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
extraction with 80% (v/v) MeOH/water
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Substance:
Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
MS/ HPLC
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Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.025
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Internal remarks:
Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR) - natural
Composition #5: Rokaya, Maan Bahadur., Marsik, Petr., Muenzbergova, Zuzana. Active constituents in Rheum acuminatum and Rheum australe (Polygonaceae) roots: A variation between cultivated and naturally growing plants. BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, 2012, vol. 41, p. 83–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.11.004.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
extraction with 80% (v/v) MeOH/water
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Substance:
Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
MS/ HPLC
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Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
3.25
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Internal remarks:
Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)- natural
Composition #6: Rokaya, Maan Bahadur., Marsik, Petr., Muenzbergova, Zuzana. Active constituents in Rheum acuminatum and Rheum australe (Polygonaceae) roots: A variation between cultivated and naturally growing plants. BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, 2012, vol. 41, p. 83–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.11.004.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
extraction with 80% (v/v) MeOH/water
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Substance:
physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
MS/ HPLC
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Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Result expression:
Whole weight (B001A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
2.91
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Internal remarks:
physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)- natural
Composition #7: Jahan, Nazish., Khalil-Ur-Rahman., Ali, Shoukat., Asi, M. Rafiq. PHENOLIC ACID AND FLAVONOL CONTENTS OF GEMMO-MODIFIED AND NATIVE EXTRACTS OF SOME INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 2013, vol. 45, no. 5, p. 1515–1519. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol extraction
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Substance:
p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
112
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Internal remarks:
p-coumaric acid (RF-00003532-PAR)
Composition #8: Jahan, Nazish., Khalil-Ur-Rahman., Ali, Shoukat., Asi, M. Rafiq. PHENOLIC ACID AND FLAVONOL CONTENTS OF GEMMO-MODIFIED AND NATIVE EXTRACTS OF SOME INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 2013, vol. 45, no. 5, p. 1515–1519. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol extraction
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Substance:
gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
90.9
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Internal remarks:
gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Composition #9: Ye, Ben-Gui., Feng, Yong., Wang, Shu. Scientific evaluation of the acute toxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of Rheum emodi rhizome extracts in Sprague Dawley rats. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2014, vol. 66, p. 278–285. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.051.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
aqueous extract
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Substance:
Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.095
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Internal remarks:
Aloe-emodin (RF-00003670-PAR)
Composition #10: Ye, Ben-Gui., Feng, Yong., Wang, Shu. Scientific evaluation of the acute toxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of Rheum emodi rhizome extracts in Sprague Dawley rats. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2014, vol. 66, p. 278–285. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.051.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
aqueous extract
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Substance:
Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
1.07
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Internal remarks:
Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Composition #11: Ye, Ben-Gui., Feng, Yong., Wang, Shu. Scientific evaluation of the acute toxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of Rheum emodi rhizome extracts in Sprague Dawley rats. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2014, vol. 66, p. 278–285. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.051.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
aqueous extract
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Substance:
anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
Emodin monomethylether
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Emodin monomethylether (anthraquinone)
Composition #12: Ye, Ben-Gui., Feng, Yong., Wang, Shu. Scientific evaluation of the acute toxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of Rheum emodi rhizome extracts in Sprague Dawley rats. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2014, vol. 66, p. 278–285. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.051.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
aqueous extract
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Substance:
1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives (RF-00004312-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
Aloe-emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Chrysophanol-8-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, Physcion-8-O-b-D-glucopyranoside
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Anthraquinone glycosides
Composition #13: Ye, Ben-Gui., Feng, Yong., Wang, Shu. Scientific evaluation of the acute toxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of Rheum emodi rhizome extracts in Sprague Dawley rats. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2014, vol. 66, p. 278–285. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.051.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
aqueous extract
-
Substance:
chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
1.32
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Internal remarks:
Chrysophanol
Composition #14: Kumar, Devanga Ragupathi Naveen., George, Vazhapilly Cijo., Suresh, Palamadai Krishnan., Kumar, Rangasamy Ashok. Cancer-specific chemoprevention and anti-metastatic potentials of Rheum emodi rhizome ethyl acetate extracts and identification of active principles through HPLC and GC-MS analysis. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 2015, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 83–93. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethyl acetate extract
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Substance:
phlobotannins (RF-00011481-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Phlobatannins
Composition #15: Kumar, Devanga Ragupathi Naveen., George, Vazhapilly Cijo., Suresh, Palamadai Krishnan., Kumar, Rangasamy Ashok. Cancer-specific chemoprevention and anti-metastatic potentials of Rheum emodi rhizome ethyl acetate extracts and identification of active principles through HPLC and GC-MS analysis. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 2015, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 83–93. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethyl acetate extract
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Substance:
cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
cardiac glycosides (cx000589)
Endpoint study
#1: Arvindekar, Aditya., More, Tanaji., Payghan, Pavan V., Laddha, Kirti., Ghoshal, Nanda., Arvindekar, Akalpita. Evaluation of anti-diabetic and alpha glucosidase inhibitory action of anthraquinones from Rheum emodi. FOOD & FUNCTION, 2015, vol. 6, no. 8, p. 2693–2700. DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00519a.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Type of toxicological test:
in vitro (CHD061TT)
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Route of exposure:
OTHER (OECD0PL)
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Endpoint measured:
Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
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Concentration unit:
Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
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Critical effect:
Digestive (TOX18A)
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Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
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Effect description:
alpha-glucosidase inhibition (93%)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
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Internal remarks:
alpha-glucosidase inhibition - emodin