EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Tannia (as plant) // Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott

Family:: Araceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 414
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: gallic acid (root, cormel) #2: epigallocatechin (root, cormel) #3: alkaloids (tubers) #4: Oxalates (leaves, quantified) #5: Phytic acid (corm, quantified) #6: Hydrocyanic acid (corm, quantified) #7: Oxalates (corm, quantified) #8: quinones (leaf) #9: Calcium oxalate (root, quantitative)

Endpoint Studies

#1: amylase inhibitory activity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Agbor-Egbe, Tom., Rickard, June E. Identification of phenolic compounds in edible aroids. journal of the science of food and agriculture, 1990, p. 215–221. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gallic acid (root, cormel)

Composition #2: Agbor-Egbe, Tom., Rickard, June E. Identification of phenolic compounds in edible aroids. journal of the science of food and agriculture, 1990, p. 215–221. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acetone
Substance:

epigallocatechins (RF-00010812-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

epigallocatechin (root, cormel)

Composition #3: Onyishi Ikechukwu, V., Chime Salome, A., Ugwu Jonathan, C. Evaluation of binder and disintegrant properties of starch derived from Xanthosoma sagittifolium in metronidazole tablets. african journal of biotechnology, 2013, p. 3064–3070. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Additional extraction description:

tubers were powdered and powder was washed with water several times
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids (tubers)

Composition #4: Savage, G. P., Martensson, L., Sedcole, J. R. Composition of oxalates in baked taro (Colocasia esculenta var. Schott) leaves cooked alone or with additions of cows milk or coconut milk . journal of food composition and analysis, 2009, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 83–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.05.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

according to Savage et al. (2000)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

506 - 546
Internal remarks:

Oxalates (leaves, quantified)

Composition #5: Eddy, Nnabuk O., Essien, Emmanuel., Ebenso, Eno E., Ukpe, Richard A. Industrial Potential of Two Varieties of Cocoyam in Bread Making. e-journal of chemistry, 2012, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 451–464. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

70.21-72.41
Internal remarks:

Phytic acid (corm, quantified)

Composition #6: Eddy, Nnabuk O., Essien, Emmanuel., Ebenso, Eno E., Ukpe, Richard A. Industrial Potential of Two Varieties of Cocoyam in Bread Making. e-journal of chemistry, 2012, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 451–464. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Substance:

Hydrocyanic acid (RF-00000333-TOX)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.583-1.557
Internal remarks:

Hydrocyanic acid (corm, quantified)

Composition #7: Eddy, Nnabuk O., Essien, Emmanuel., Ebenso, Eno E., Ukpe, Richard A. Industrial Potential of Two Varieties of Cocoyam in Bread Making. e-journal of chemistry, 2012, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 451–464. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.400
Internal remarks:

Oxalates (corm, quantified)

Composition #8: Regnier, C., Bocage, B., Archimede, H., Noblet, J., Renaudeau, D. Digestive utilization of tropical foliages of cassava, sweet potatoes, wild cocoyam and erythrina in Creole growing pigs . animal feed science and technology, 2013, vol. 180, no. 1-4, p. 44–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.12.007. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Substance:

Quinones (RF-00010832-PAR)
Additional substance description:

quinones
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

quinones (leaf)

Composition #9: IWUOHA, CI., KALU, FA. CALCIUM-OXALATE AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF COCOYAM (COLOCASIA-ESCULENTA AND XANTHOSOMA-SAGITTIFOLIUM) TUBER FLOURS AS AFFECTED BY PROCESSING . food chemistry, 1995, vol. 54, no. 1, p. 61–66. DOI: 10.1016/0308-8146(95)92663-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Additional extraction description:

steeping (43.3% in CC1 after 24 h)
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

491.0
Internal remarks:

Calcium oxalate (root, quantitative)

Endpoint study #1: Prathibha, S., Nambisan, B., Leelamma, S. Enzyme inhibitors in tuber crops and their thermal stability. plant foods for human nutrition, 1995, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 247–257. DOI: 10.1007/BF01088446. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Raw, no heat treatment (A07HS)
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

other (G244A)
Effect concentration:

2800
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

amylase inhibitory activity , inhibitor from fresh tubers 2800 inhibitor units/mg tissue protein
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

amylase inhibitory activity