EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 222
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Alkaloids in fruits #2: Withanolides in leaves #3: Alkaloids in live plant #4: Saponins in live plant #5: Tannins in live plant #6: Anthraquinones in whole plant #7: cardiac glycosides in live plant #8: Alkaloids in fruits #9: bispicropodophyllin glucoside (lignans) in live plant

Endpoint Studies

#1: alpha-glucosidase inhibition #2: CNS depressant effect (alcoholic extract) #3: CNS depressant effect (alklaoid fraction) #4: CNS depressant effect (aqueous extract)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Atal, C. K., Sethi, P. D. A preliminary chemical examination of Withania coagulans. indian journal of pharmacy, 1963, p. 163–164. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

solvent oil
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

3 alkaloids isolated
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in fruits

Composition #2: Subramanian, S. Sankara., Sethi, P. D. Steroidal components of Withania coagulans leaves. indian journal of pharmacy, 1971, p. 40–41. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Withanolides (RF-00011538-PAR)
Additional substance description:

4 withanolides isolated
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Withanolides in leaves

Composition #3: Khan, Farhat Ali., Hussain, Iqbal., Farooq, Shahid., Ahmad, Majed., Arif, Muhammad., Ur Rehman, Inayat. Phytochemical screening of some Pakistanian medicinal plants. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 2011, p. 575–578. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in live plant

Composition #4: Khan, Farhat Ali., Hussain, Iqbal., Farooq, Shahid., Ahmad, Majed., Arif, Muhammad., Ur Rehman, Inayat. Phytochemical screening of some Pakistanian medicinal plants. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 2011, p. 575–578. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins in live plant

Composition #5: Khan, Farhat Ali., Hussain, Iqbal., Farooq, Shahid., Ahmad, Majed., Arif, Muhammad., Ur Rehman, Inayat. Phytochemical screening of some Pakistanian medicinal plants. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 2011, p. 575–578. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

tannic acid (RF-00004069-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins in live plant

Composition #6: Khan, Farhat Ali., Hussain, Iqbal., Farooq, Shahid., Ahmad, Majed., Arif, Muhammad., Ur Rehman, Inayat. Phytochemical screening of some Pakistanian medicinal plants. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 2011, p. 575–578. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinones in whole plant

Composition #7: Khan, Farhat Ali., Hussain, Iqbal., Farooq, Shahid., Ahmad, Majed., Arif, Muhammad., Ur Rehman, Inayat. Phytochemical screening of some Pakistanian medicinal plants. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 2011, p. 575–578. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides in live plant

Composition #8: Sharma, R., Arya, V. A review on fruits having anti-diabetic potential. journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2011, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 204–212. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in fruits

Composition #9: Nur-e-Alam, M., Yousaf, M., Qureshi, S., Baig, I., Nasim, S., Atta-ur-Rahman., Choudhary, MI. A novel dimeric podophyllotoxin-type lignan and a new withanolide from Withania coagulans. HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, 2003, vol. 86, no. 3, p. 607–614. DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200390060. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

bispicropodophyllin glucoside
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

bispicropodophyllin glucoside (lignans) in live plant

Endpoint study #1: Lamba, Harminder Singh., Bhargava, Chandra Shekhar., Bhargava, Shilpi. IN VITRO alpha-GLUCOSIDASE AND ALDOSE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND IN VIVO ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF WITHANIA COAGULANS . indian journal of natural products, 2011, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 14–18. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional plant/substance description:

preparation method unspecified
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram (G283A)
Effect concentration:

30
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

59.6 % inhibition of alpha- glucosidase; 98.6% inhibition of aldose reducatase
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Endpoint study #2: BUDHIRAJA, RD., BALA, S., GARG, KN. PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON FRUITS OF WITHANIA-COAGULANS-DUNAL. planta medica, 1977, vol. 32, no. 2, p. 154–157. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

alcoholic extract
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

1
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

signs of CNS depression characterised by sedation, reduced exploratory and spontaneous activities and hypothermia.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

CNS depressant effect (alcoholic extract)

Endpoint study #3: BUDHIRAJA, RD., BALA, S., GARG, KN. PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON FRUITS OF WITHANIA-COAGULANS-DUNAL. planta medica, 1977, vol. 32, no. 2, p. 154–157. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

signs of CNS depression characterised by sedation, reduced exploratory and spontaneous activities and hypothermia.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

CNS depressant effect (alklaoid fraction)

Endpoint study #4: BUDHIRAJA, RD., BALA, S., GARG, KN. PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON FRUITS OF WITHANIA-COAGULANS-DUNAL. planta medica, 1977, vol. 32, no. 2, p. 154–157. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

aqueous extract
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Millilitre/100 gram (G068A)
Effect concentration:

5
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

signs of CNS depression characterised by sedation, reduced exploratory and spontaneous activities and hypothermia.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

behaviour (CHD001BE)
Internal remarks:

CNS depressant effect (aqueous extract)