EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Vitex negundo L.

Family:: Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1401
Number of processed references:: 11

Compositions

#1: Myrcene in leaves #2: 1,8-cineole in leaves #3: Camphor in leaves #4: Camphor in leaves #5: 1,8-cineole in leaves #6: Alkaloids in seed #7: Camphor in Leaves #8: 1,8-cineole in leaves #9: 1,8-cineole in essential oil #10: Caryophyllene epoxide in essential oil #11: eugenol in leaves #12: 1,8-cineole in flower essential oil (quantitative data) #13: Ergosterol peroxide in fruit #14: Furanocoumarins (xanthotoxin and 5,8-dimethyl-psoralene ) in fruit #15: Vitexins (lignans) in seed #16: saponins in Live plant #17: alkaloids in live plant #18: tannins in live plant

Endpoint Studies

#1: seed powder associated with man sterility

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Jirovetz, Leopold., Buchbauer, Gerhard., Puschmann, Christiane., Shafi, Mohamed P., Nambiar, M. K. Geetha. Analysis of the essential oils of the leaves of medicinal plants Vitex negundo var. negundo and Vitex negundo var. purpurescens from India . acta pharmaceutica (zagreb), 1998, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 179–186. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.42-1.33
Internal remarks:

Myrcene in leaves

Composition #2: Jirovetz, Leopold., Buchbauer, Gerhard., Puschmann, Christiane., Shafi, Mohamed P., Nambiar, M. K. Geetha. Analysis of the essential oils of the leaves of medicinal plants Vitex negundo var. negundo and Vitex negundo var. purpurescens from India . acta pharmaceutica (zagreb), 1998, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 179–186. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.03-1.43
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in leaves

Composition #3: Jirovetz, Leopold., Buchbauer, Gerhard., Puschmann, Christiane., Shafi, Mohamed P., Nambiar, M. K. Geetha. Analysis of the essential oils of the leaves of medicinal plants Vitex negundo var. negundo and Vitex negundo var. purpurescens from India . acta pharmaceutica (zagreb), 1998, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 179–186. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-FID-MS (F607A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.42-1.44
Internal remarks:

Camphor in leaves

Composition #4: Dayal, Rameshwar., Singh, Virendra. A comparative study of volatile constituents of Vitex negundo leaves. journal of medicinal and aromatic plant sciences, 2000, vol. 22, no. 1B, p. 639–640. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Camphor in leaves

Composition #5: Dayal, Rameshwar., Singh, Virendra. A comparative study of volatile constituents of Vitex negundo leaves. journal of medicinal and aromatic plant sciences, 2000, vol. 22, no. 1B, p. 639–640. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in leaves

Composition #6: Liu Yu-qing., Xue Ming., Zhou Fang-yuan., Xu Hua-qiang. Toxicity of total alkaloids from Vitex negundo seeds against apterous adults of Aphis gossypii and its effect on activity of some enzymes . journal of plant resources and environment, 2011, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 43–50. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

acidic solution
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in seed

Composition #7: Taneja, S. C., Gupta, R. K., Dhar, K. L., Atal, C. K. The essential oil of Vitex negundo Linn. indian perfumer, 1979, p. 162–163. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.96
Internal remarks:

Camphor in Leaves

Composition #8: Taneja, S. C., Gupta, R. K., Dhar, K. L., Atal, C. K. The essential oil of Vitex negundo Linn. indian perfumer, 1979, p. 162–163. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.33
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in leaves

Composition #9: Sun, Lingfeng. Chemical constituents of essential oil from Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand. -Mazz. linchan huaxue yu gongye, 1989, p. 42–47. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in essential oil

Composition #10: Sun, Lingfeng. Chemical constituents of essential oil from Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand. -Mazz. linchan huaxue yu gongye, 1989, p. 42–47. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

epoxides (RF-00010829-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Caryophyllene epoxide
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Caryophyllene epoxide in essential oil

Composition #11: Yadav, Hemendra., Mungara, Pankaj., Jivrajani, Mehul., Nivsarkar, Manish., Anandjiwala, Sheetal. TLC-DENSITOMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF NEGUNDOSIDE, URSOLIC ACID, EUGENOL, LUPEOL, AND β-SITOSTEROL USING HPTLC FROM VITEX NEGUNDO LEAVES. Journal of Liquid Chromatography Related Technologies, 2012, p. 1565–1584. . [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

eugenol in leaves

Composition #12: Zhang, Shu-feng., Dong, Qing-feng., Yu, Xin-rui., Hu, Cong., Qin, Kui., Qu, Lei., Hao, Yong. Chemical composition of aborted flower essential oil of vitex negundo var. heterophylla growing wild in shijiazhuang. tianran chanwu yanjiu yu kaifa, 2014, p. 883–885. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.5
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole in flower essential oil (quantitative data)

Composition #13: Zhao, X.-X., Zheng, C.-J., Qin, L.-P. Chemical constituents from fruits of Vitex negundo. chinese traditional and herbal drugs, 2012, vol. 43, no. 12, p. 2346–2350. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

epoxides (RF-00010829-PAR)
Additional substance description:

ergosterol peroxide
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Ergosterol peroxide in fruit

Composition #14: Zhao, X.-X., Zheng, C.-J., Qin, L.-P. Chemical constituents from fruits of Vitex negundo. chinese traditional and herbal drugs, 2012, vol. 43, no. 12, p. 2346–2350. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Furanocoumarins (RF-00004381-PAR)
Additional substance description:

xanthotoxin and 5,8-dimethyl-psoralene
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Furanocoumarins (xanthotoxin and 5,8-dimethyl-psoralene ) in fruit

Composition #15: Zhou, YingJun., Liu, Yiliang Ellie., Cao, JianGuo., Zeng, GuangYao., Shen, Cui., Li, YanLan., Zhou, MeiChen., Chen, Yiding., Pu, Weiping., Potters, Louis., Shi, Y. Eric. Vitexins, Nature-Derived Lignan Compounds, Induce Apoptosis and Suppress Tumor Growth . clinical cancer research, 2009, vol. 15, no. 16, p. 5161–5169. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0661. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 40%
Substance:

lignans (RF-00004361-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Vitexins
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Vitexins (lignans) in seed

Composition #16: Khan, Amir Muhammad., Qureshi, Rizwana Aleem., Ullah, Faizan., Gilani, Syed Aneel., Nosheen, Asia., Sahreen, Sumaira., Laghari, Muhammad Khan., Laghari, Muhammad Yousif., Shafiq-Ur-Rehman., Hussain, Ishtiaq., Murad, Waheed. Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margalla Hills and surroundings. JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH, 2011, vol. 5, no. 25, p. 6017–6023. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.869. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.03
Internal remarks:

saponins in Live plant

Composition #17: Khan, Amir Muhammad., Qureshi, Rizwana Aleem., Ullah, Faizan., Gilani, Syed Aneel., Nosheen, Asia., Sahreen, Sumaira., Laghari, Muhammad Khan., Laghari, Muhammad Yousif., Shafiq-Ur-Rehman., Hussain, Ishtiaq., Murad, Waheed. Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margalla Hills and surroundings. JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH, 2011, vol. 5, no. 25, p. 6017–6023. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.869. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.86
Internal remarks:

alkaloids in live plant

Composition #18: Khan, Amir Muhammad., Qureshi, Rizwana Aleem., Ullah, Faizan., Gilani, Syed Aneel., Nosheen, Asia., Sahreen, Sumaira., Laghari, Muhammad Khan., Laghari, Muhammad Yousif., Shafiq-Ur-Rehman., Hussain, Ishtiaq., Murad, Waheed. Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margalla Hills and surroundings. JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH, 2011, vol. 5, no. 25, p. 6017–6023. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.869. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

9.39
Internal remarks:

tannins in live plant

Endpoint study #1: Rai, R., Nath, V. Some lesser known oral herbal contraceptives in folk claims as anti-fertility and fertility induced plants in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. Journal of Natural Remedies, 2005, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 153–159. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Powder (A06JD)
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

8.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Grams per day (G233A)
Effect concentration:

10-12
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

man sterility
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

seed powder associated with man sterility