EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Urena lobata L.

Family:: Malvaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 225
Number of processed references:: 7

Compositions

#1: Imperatorin #2: Alkaloids #3: Saponins #4: Alkaloids #5: Tannins #6: Saponins #7: phytin in leaves #8: Hydrocyanic acid in leaves

Endpoint Studies

#1: some indications on liver toxicity + lowered bodyweight #2: hepatotoxicity in rats #3: Dosing reduced weights of reproductive organs and resulted in lower sperm count and motility

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Ghosh, Keshab. A furocoumarin, Imperatorin isolated from Urena lobata L.. Molbank, 2004 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Benzene
Substance:

imperatorin (RF-00003874-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

UV, IR, C and H NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Imperatorin

Composition #2: Abii, T. A., Onuha, E. N. A preliminary investigation into the phytochemicals, vitamins and mineral constituents of the leaf of two tradomedicinal plants - urena lobata and cassia alata used in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014, p. 1–4. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.190
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #3: Abii, T. A., Onuha, E. N. A preliminary investigation into the phytochemicals, vitamins and mineral constituents of the leaf of two tradomedicinal plants - urena lobata and cassia alata used in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014, p. 1–4. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.630
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #4: Islam, Md. Hasibul., Rahman, K. M. Hasanur., Rahman, Shahnaz., Rahmatullah, Mohammed. Preliminary antihyperglycemic, antinociceptive activity, phytochemical analysis and toxicity studies on leaves of Urena lobata L.. journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2015, p. 559–563. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #5: Islam, Md. Hasibul., Rahman, K. M. Hasanur., Rahman, Shahnaz., Rahmatullah, Mohammed. Preliminary antihyperglycemic, antinociceptive activity, phytochemical analysis and toxicity studies on leaves of Urena lobata L.. journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2015, p. 559–563. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #6: Islam, Md. Hasibul., Rahman, K. M. Hasanur., Rahman, Shahnaz., Rahmatullah, Mohammed. Preliminary antihyperglycemic, antinociceptive activity, phytochemical analysis and toxicity studies on leaves of Urena lobata L.. journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2015, p. 559–563. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #7: Okoli, I.C., Anunobi, M.O., Obua, B.E., Enemuo, V. Studies on selected browses of southeastern Nigeria with particular reference to their proximate and some endogenous anti-nutritional constituents. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2003, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 1–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Additional substance description:

Phytin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Method of Maga
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.8
Internal remarks:

phytin in leaves

Composition #8: Okoli, I.C., Anunobi, M.O., Obua, B.E., Enemuo, V. Studies on selected browses of southeastern Nigeria with particular reference to their proximate and some endogenous anti-nutritional constituents. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2003, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 1–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Cyanide (RF-00000021-CHE)
Additional substance description:

Hydrocyanic acid
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Knowels and Watkins distillation method
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.52
Internal remarks:

Hydrocyanic acid in leaves

Endpoint study #1: Omonkhua, Akhere A., Onoagbe, Iyere O. Evaluation of the long-term effects of Urena lobata root extracts on blood glucose and hepatic function of normal rabbits. journal of toxicology and environmental health sciences, 2011, p. 204–213. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Water
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Rabbit (as animal) (A057T)
Strain of test organism:

NewZealandWhite (CHD007ST)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Week (G205A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

initial toxic effect on hepatocytes and also bile obstruction, these events were however, not severe and sustained; bodyweight significantly lowered throughout the study (absence of subcutaneous fat)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

some indications on liver toxicity + lowered bodyweight

Endpoint study #2: Mshelia, I.Y., Dalori, B.M., Hamman, L.L., Garba, S.H. Effect of the aqueous root extract of Urena lobata (linn) on the liver of albino rat. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2013, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1–6. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Water
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

100-300
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

mild to severe interstitial hemorrhage, mononuclear cell infiltration, necrosis, congestion and edema in the liver
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

hepatotoxicity in rats

Endpoint study #3: Dhanapal, Ramaiyan., Ratna, J. Vijaya., Gupta, Malaya., Sarathchandran, I. Preliminary study on antifertility activity of Enicostemma axillare leaves and Urena lobata root used in Indian traditional folk medicine . asian pacific journal of tropical medicine, 2012, vol. 5, no. 8, p. 616–622. DOI: 10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60127-8. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol extract
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

55.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

250
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

reduced weights of reproductive organs, lower sperm count and motility
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

organ weights (CHD012BE)
Internal remarks:

Dosing reduced weights of reproductive organs and resulted in lower sperm count and motility