EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. // Nauclea rhynchophylla Miq.

Family:: Rubiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 733
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Indole alkaloids #2: Total alkaloids #3: Harman #4: Indole alkaloids #5: Indole alkaloids (hirsutine) #6: Total alkaloids #7: Estragole #8: 1,8-cineole #9: cinnamaldehyde #10: Menthone #11: Pulegone #12: Methyleugenol #13: Myristicin #14: Safrole

Endpoint Studies

#1: Hepatotoxicity (liver injury)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Haginiwa, Joju., Sakai, Shinichiro., Aimi, Norio., Yamanaka, Etsuji., Shinma, Nobuo. Plants containing indole alkaloids. 2. Alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla. Yakugaku Zasshi, 1973, p. 448–452. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH (75%)
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

rhynchophylline-type alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Indole alkaloids

Composition #2: Mo, Zhixian., Yan, Yumiao., Zhou, Xiaojun., Chen, Wenqian., Chen, Yifei. Content determination of total alkaloids in Uncaria rhynchophylloides how and its pharmacological actions. shizhen guoyi guoyao, 2011, p. 1037–1039. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Total alkaloids
Analytical method code:

UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry) (F009A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.207
Internal remarks:

Total alkaloids

Composition #3: Hong1, Seong Su., So Young Park1., Jai Seup Ro1, *., Hur3, Jae Doo., Han1, Xiang Hua., Woo Hoi Choi1., Bang Yeon Hwang1., Myung Koo Lee1, 2,. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor from Uncaria rhynchophylla. Natural Product Sciences, 2005, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 145–149. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

harman (RF-00003852-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Harman

Composition #4: Hong1, Seong Su., So Young Park1., Jai Seup Ro1, *., Hur3, Jae Doo., Han1, Xiang Hua., Woo Hoi Choi1., Bang Yeon Hwang1., Myung Koo Lee1, 2,. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor from Uncaria rhynchophylla. Natural Product Sciences, 2005, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 145–149. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

isocorynoxeine, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, cadambine and 3-alpha-dihydrocadambine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Indole alkaloids

Composition #5: Masumiya, H., Saitoh, T., Tanaka, Y., Horie, S., Aimi, N., Takayama, H., Tanaka, H., Shigenobu, K. Effects of hirsutine and dihydrocorynantheine om the action potentials of sino-atrial node, atrium and ventricle . life sciences, 1999, vol. 65, no. 22, p. 2333–2341. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00500-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

indole alkaloids (RF-00004503-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Hirsutine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Indole alkaloids (hirsutine)

Composition #6: Yang, Zhongduo., Zhang, Dongbo., Ren, Jin., Yang, Mingjun., Li, Shuo. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the total alkaloid from traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating Alzheimer's disease . medicinal chemistry research, 2012, vol. 21, no. 6, p. 734–738. DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9582-8. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Total alkaloids
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.358
Internal remarks:

Total alkaloids

Composition #7: Shin, Suk-Chul., Lee, Dong-Ung. Ameliorating effect of new constituents from the hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. CHINESE JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES, 2013, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 391–395. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2013.00391. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Estragole (RF-00003806-PAR)
Additional substance description:

hooks of U. rhynchophylla
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Estragole

Composition #8: Iwasa, Megumi., Nakaya, Satoshi., Maki, Yusuke., Marumoto, Shinsuke., Usami, Atsushi., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE, 2015, vol. 64, no. 8, p. 825–833. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15048. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Eucalyptol
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.0
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole

Composition #9: Iwasa, Megumi., Nakaya, Satoshi., Maki, Yusuke., Marumoto, Shinsuke., Usami, Atsushi., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE, 2015, vol. 64, no. 8, p. 825–833. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15048. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation
Substance:

cinnamaldehyde (RF-00003742-PAR)
Additional substance description:

(E)-cinnamaldehyde
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

13.4
Internal remarks:

cinnamaldehyde

Composition #10: Iwasa, Megumi., Nakaya, Satoshi., Maki, Yusuke., Marumoto, Shinsuke., Usami, Atsushi., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE, 2015, vol. 64, no. 8, p. 825–833. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15048. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation
Substance:

menthone (RF-00011280-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.0
Internal remarks:

Menthone

Composition #11: Iwasa, Megumi., Nakaya, Satoshi., Maki, Yusuke., Marumoto, Shinsuke., Usami, Atsushi., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE, 2015, vol. 64, no. 8, p. 825–833. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15048. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation
Substance:

(+)-pulegone (RF-00003398-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.5
Internal remarks:

Pulegone

Composition #12: Iwasa, Megumi., Nakaya, Satoshi., Maki, Yusuke., Marumoto, Shinsuke., Usami, Atsushi., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE, 2015, vol. 64, no. 8, p. 825–833. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15048. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation
Substance:

methyleugenol (RF-00003931-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.8
Internal remarks:

Methyleugenol

Composition #13: Iwasa, Megumi., Nakaya, Satoshi., Maki, Yusuke., Marumoto, Shinsuke., Usami, Atsushi., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE, 2015, vol. 64, no. 8, p. 825–833. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15048. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation
Substance:

myristicin (RF-00003941-PAR)
Additional substance description:

asaricin
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.0
Internal remarks:

Myristicin

Composition #14: Iwasa, Megumi., Nakaya, Satoshi., Maki, Yusuke., Marumoto, Shinsuke., Usami, Atsushi., Miyazawa, Mitsuo. Identification of Aroma-active Compounds in Essential Oil from Uncaria Hook by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE, 2015, vol. 64, no. 8, p. 825–833. DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15048. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

Hydro distillation
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent Area (G139A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.2
Internal remarks:

Safrole

Endpoint study #1: Liu, Wei., Wang, Zhong-shi., Zhang, Hui., Zhang, Xu., Jiang, Xiao-ling., Gao, Yun-sheng. Hepatotoxicity of oral Uncaria rhynchophylla total alkaloids to hypertensive rats. zhongguo yaolixue tongbao, 2014, p. 883–884. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional plant/substance description:

Uncaria rhynchophylla total alkaloids
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

2.5
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

significant inflammatory cell infiltration; Liver injury (hepatotoxicity),
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity (liver injury)