EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Tylophora asthmatica Wight. & Arn.

Family:: Apocynaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 100
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: Alkaloids (total), stem #2: Tannins #3: Alkaloids (total), roots #4: Alkaloids (total), leaves #5: Tylophorinine #6: Tylophorine #7: tylophorine (stem) #8: tylophorine (leaves) #9: skimmianine (aerial parts) #10: gamma-fagarine (roots)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Hepatotoxicity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Karnick, C. R. Phytochemical investigations of some Tylophora species found in India. Planta Medica, 1975, p. 333–336. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Various solvents
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total alkaloids (tylophorine and tylophorinine)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.07-0.37
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (total), stem

Composition #2: Karnick, C. R. Phytochemical investigations of some Tylophora species found in India. Planta Medica, 1975, p. 333–336. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Various solvents
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #3: Karnick, C. R. Phytochemical investigations of some Tylophora species found in India. Planta Medica, 1975, p. 333–336. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Various solvents
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total alkaloids (tylophorine and tylophorinine)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09-0.35
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (total), roots

Composition #4: Karnick, C. R. Phytochemical investigations of some Tylophora species found in India. Planta Medica, 1975, p. 333–336. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Various solvents
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

total alkaloids (tylophorine and tylophorinine)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.12-0.45
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (total), leaves

Composition #5: Govindachari, T.R., Pai, B.R., Nagarajan, K. Chemical examination of tylophora asthmatica. Part I. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 1954, p. 2801–2803. DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002801. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Alcohol
Substance:

tylophorinine (RF-00003615-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tylophorinine

Composition #6: Govindachari, T.R., Pai, B.R., Nagarajan, K. Chemical examination of tylophora asthmatica. Part I. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 1954, p. 2801–2803. DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002801. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Alcohol
Substance:

tylophorine (RF-00004095-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Chromatographic tests (F015A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tylophorine

Composition #7: Gupta, R., Datta, A., Shri, R. Extraction process optimization of tylophorine from Tylophora asthmatica Wight & Arn.. Pharmacognosy Journal, 2012, vol. 4, no. 28, p. 19–23. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.28.4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Different solvents, the most effective ethanol
Substance:

tylophorine (RF-00004095-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.008
Internal remarks:

tylophorine (stem)

Composition #8: Gupta, R., Datta, A., Shri, R. Extraction process optimization of tylophorine from Tylophora asthmatica Wight & Arn.. Pharmacognosy Journal, 2012, vol. 4, no. 28, p. 19–23. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.28.4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Different solvents, the most effective ethanol
Substance:

tylophorine (RF-00004095-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.012-0.074
Internal remarks:

tylophorine (leaves)

Composition #9: ETHERINGTON, T., HERBERT, RB., JACKSON, FB. FUROQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS FROM TYLOPHORA-ASTHMATICA. phytochemistry, 1977, vol. 16, no. 7, p. 1125–1126. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86772-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

skimmianine (RF-00004057-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

skimmianine (aerial parts)

Composition #10: ETHERINGTON, T., HERBERT, RB., JACKSON, FB. FUROQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS FROM TYLOPHORA-ASTHMATICA. phytochemistry, 1977, vol. 16, no. 7, p. 1125–1126. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86772-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

gamma fagarine (RF-00003824-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

gamma-fagarine (roots)

Endpoint study #1: Malathi, R., Gomaz, P. Evaluation of preliminary toxicity studies on the methanolic leaves extract of Tylophora asthmatica in experimental rats. journal of pharmacology and toxicology, 2008, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 34–40. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

petroleum ether extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Male
Exposure duration:

15.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

300
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Reduced relative liver weight, increased alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, reduced total protein, albumin and globulin
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

organ weights (CHD012BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity