Draft - work in progress
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- Red clover (as plant) // Trifolium pratense L.
Red clover (as plant) // Trifolium pratense L.
- Family:
- Fabaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 5089
- Number of processed references:
- 4
Composition #1: Andres, S., Abraham, K., Appel, K.E., Lampen, A. Risks and benefits of dietary isoflavones for cancer. critical reviews in toxicology, 2011, vol. 41, no. 6, p. 463–506. DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.541900.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
unspecified
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Substance:
isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
Mainly genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Additionally, red clover contains the isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin, which are the methoxylated forms of genistein and daidzein, respectively
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Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
isoflavones
Composition #2: Sivesind, E., Seguin, P. Effects of the environment, cultivar, maturity, and preservation method on red clover isoflavone concentration . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2005, vol. 53, no. 16, p. 6397–6402. DOI: 10.1021/jf0507487.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol + HCl
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Substance:
isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
8923-12753
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Internal remarks:
Isoflavones in whole plant
Composition #3: Sivesind, E., Seguin, P. Effects of the environment, cultivar, maturity, and preservation method on red clover isoflavone concentration . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2005, vol. 53, no. 16, p. 6397–6402. DOI: 10.1021/jf0507487.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol + HCl
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Substance:
isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
11970
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Internal remarks:
Isoflavones in leaves
Composition #4: Sivesind, E., Seguin, P. Effects of the environment, cultivar, maturity, and preservation method on red clover isoflavone concentration . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2005, vol. 53, no. 16, p. 6397–6402. DOI: 10.1021/jf0507487.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol + HCl
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Substance:
isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
4896
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Internal remarks:
Isoflavones in stem
Composition #5: Sivesind, E., Seguin, P. Effects of the environment, cultivar, maturity, and preservation method on red clover isoflavone concentration . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2005, vol. 53, no. 16, p. 6397–6402. DOI: 10.1021/jf0507487.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol + HCl
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Substance:
isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
3297
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Internal remarks:
Isoflavones in inflorescence
Composition #6: Hanganu, Daniela., Vlase, Laurian., Olah, Neli. LC/MS ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES FROM FABACEAE SPECIES EXTRACTS. farmacia, 2010, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 177–183. .
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
ethanol 50%
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Substance:
daidzein (RF-00000061-NTR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC + LC-MS
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Result unit:
Nanogram/millilitre (G079A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
859.8
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Internal remarks:
daidzein
Composition #7: Hanganu, Daniela., Vlase, Laurian., Olah, Neli. LC/MS ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES FROM FABACEAE SPECIES EXTRACTS. farmacia, 2010, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 177–183. .
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
ethanol 50%
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Substance:
daidzin (RF-00003763-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC + LC-MS
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Result unit:
Nanogram/millilitre (G079A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
5407.2
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Internal remarks:
daidzin
Composition #8: Hanganu, Daniela., Vlase, Laurian., Olah, Neli. LC/MS ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES FROM FABACEAE SPECIES EXTRACTS. farmacia, 2010, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 177–183. .
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
ethanol 50%
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Substance:
Ononin (RF-00011023-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC + LC-MS
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Result unit:
Nanogram/millilitre (G079A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
50979.4
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Composition #9: Hanganu, Daniela., Vlase, Laurian., Olah, Neli. LC/MS ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES FROM FABACEAE SPECIES EXTRACTS. farmacia, 2010, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 177–183. .
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
ethanol 50%
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Substance:
genistin (RF-00003829-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC + LC-MS
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Result unit:
Nanogram/millilitre (G079A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
18057.0
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Internal remarks:
Genistin
Composition #10: Hanganu, Daniela., Vlase, Laurian., Olah, Neli. LC/MS ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES FROM FABACEAE SPECIES EXTRACTS. farmacia, 2010, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 177–183. .
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
ethanol 50%
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Substance:
genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC + LC-MS
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Result unit:
Nanogram/millilitre (G079A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
1423.2
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Internal remarks:
Genistein
Composition #11: Hanganu, Daniela., Vlase, Laurian., Olah, Neli. LC/MS ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES FROM FABACEAE SPECIES EXTRACTS. farmacia, 2010, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 177–183. .
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
ethanol 50%
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Substance:
formononetin (RF-00000291-NTR)
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Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC + LC-MS
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Result unit:
Nanogram/millilitre (G079A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
9165.8
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Internal remarks:
Formononetin
Genotox #1: Scheffler, A., Albrecht, A.E., Esch, H.L., Lehmann, L. Mutagenic potential of the isoflavone irilone in cultured V79 cells. toxicology letters, 2015, vol. 234, no. 2, p. 81–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.013.
[
DOI link]
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Study category:
Genotoxicity
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Type of toxicological test:
in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test (CHD033TT)
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Tested organism:
Hamster (as animal) (A0CNX)
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Strain of test organism:
lung fibroblasts (V79) (CHD032ST)
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Exogenous metabolic activation applied:
no data
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Route of exposure:
OTHER (OECD0PL)
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Endpoint measured:
gene mutation
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Remarks on genotox study:
irilone altered the mutation spectrum by increasing the proportion of deletions and decreasing that of base pair substitutions. Strong aneugenic potential characterized by disrupted mitotic spindles, mitotic arrest, and asymmetrical cell divisions leading to chromosome loss, nuclear fragmentation as well as mitotic catastrophe
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Internal remarks:
genotoxic potential of irilone (isoflavone)
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Internal ID:
eid=2-s2.0-84923220204