EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Snake gourd (as plant) // Trichosanthes cucumerina L.

Family:: Cucurbitaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 165
Number of processed references:: 9

Compositions

#1: Cucurbitacin B ( steroidal triterpene saponin) in fruit juice #2: Alkaloids in leaves #3: Saponins in leaves #4: Anthraquinones in seed oil #5: Galactose-specofic lectin in seed #6: Tannins in ripe fruits #7: Saponins in ripe fruits #8: Cyanogenic glycosides in ripe fruits #9: Cardiac glycosides in ripe fruits #10: saponins in seeds #11: Oxalic acid in seed #12: Phytic acid in seed #13: Cyanogenic glycosides in fruit #14: Trypsin inhibitors in fruits #15: Galactose-specific lectin in seed #16: alkaloids #17: Saponins #18: Tannins

Endpoint Studies

#1: The ethanol extract of the whole plant showed an antiovulatory activity in female albino rats (quantitative data)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Silapa-Archa, Weena., Picha, Porntipa., Lurwongrattana, Oudsanee., Kittiwongsunthorn, Worawit., Ungsuntnornsarit, Pichai. Investigation of the triterpenes of Cucurbitaceae prevalent in Thailand. warasan phesatchasat, 1981, p. 5–8. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ether from fruit juice
Substance:

cucurbitacin B (RF-00004232-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

TLC + MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cucurbitacin B ( steroidal triterpene saponin) in fruit juice

Composition #2: Sandhya, S., Chandrasekhar, J., Banji, David., Rao, K. N. V. Pharmacognostical study on the leaf of Tricosanthes Cucumerina Linn. archives of applied science research, 2010, p. 414–421. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water from leaf powder
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids in leaves

Composition #3: Sandhya, S., Chandrasekhar, J., Banji, David., Rao, K. N. V. Pharmacognostical study on the leaf of Tricosanthes Cucumerina Linn. archives of applied science research, 2010, p. 414–421. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

PETROLEUM ETHER, CHLOROFORM, ETHANOL AND WATER FROM LEAF POWDER
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins in leaves

Composition #4: Oketunde, F. O., Tor-Anyiin, A. T., Rebok, J. M. Extraction and characterization of Trichosanthes cucumerina linn (snake gourd) seed oil. journal of chemical society of nigeria, 2011, p. 115–117. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

soxhlet extraction of seed oil
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinones in seed oil

Composition #5: Seshagirirao, K., Leelavathi, C., Sasidhar, V. Cross-linked leucaena seed gum matrix: An affinity chromatography tool for galactose-specific lectins. journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2005, vol. 38, no. 3, p. 370–372. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

galactose-specific lectin
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Galactose-specofic lectin in seed

Composition #6: Ojiako, O.A., Igwe, C.U. The nutritive, anti-nutritive and hepatotoxic properties of Trichosanthes anguina (snake tomato) fruits from Nigeria. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2008, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 85–89. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins in ripe fruits

Composition #7: Ojiako, O.A., Igwe, C.U. The nutritive, anti-nutritive and hepatotoxic properties of Trichosanthes anguina (snake tomato) fruits from Nigeria. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2008, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 85–89. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins in ripe fruits

Composition #8: Ojiako, O.A., Igwe, C.U. The nutritive, anti-nutritive and hepatotoxic properties of Trichosanthes anguina (snake tomato) fruits from Nigeria. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2008, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 85–89. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cyanogenic glycosides in ripe fruits

Composition #9: Ojiako, O.A., Igwe, C.U. The nutritive, anti-nutritive and hepatotoxic properties of Trichosanthes anguina (snake tomato) fruits from Nigeria. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2008, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 85–89. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides in ripe fruits

Composition #10: Ilelaboye, N.O.A., Pikuda, O.O. Determination of minerals and anti-nutritional factors of some lesser-known crop seeds. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2009, vol. 8, no. 10, p. 1652–1656. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1652.1656. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2097
Internal remarks:

saponins in seeds

Composition #11: Ilelaboye, N.O.A., Pikuda, O.O. Determination of minerals and anti-nutritional factors of some lesser-known crop seeds. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2009, vol. 8, no. 10, p. 1652–1656. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1652.1656. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

oxalic acid (RF-00000356-NTR)
Analytical method - additional description:

redox titration
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

17.40
Internal remarks:

Oxalic acid in seed

Composition #12: Ilelaboye, N.O.A., Pikuda, O.O. Determination of minerals and anti-nutritional factors of some lesser-known crop seeds. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2009, vol. 8, no. 10, p. 1652–1656. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1652.1656. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

480.03
Internal remarks:

Phytic acid in seed

Composition #13: Franca, O.N. Antinutritional evaluation and in vitro protein digestibility of some Nigerian cucurbits. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2012, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 208–210. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

AOAC method
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.43
Internal remarks:

Cyanogenic glycosides in fruit

Composition #14: Franca, O.N. Antinutritional evaluation and in vitro protein digestibility of some Nigerian cucurbits. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2012, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 208–210. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Powder (A06JD)
Additional extraction description:

dried + powdered
Substance:

Trypsin inhibitors Trypsin inhibitors (RF-00004339-PAR)
Analytical method - additional description:

pepsin/pancreatin method (Oke and Umoh, 1974)
Result unit:

International Unit/gram (G252A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

8.43
Internal remarks:

Trypsin inhibitors in fruits

Composition #15: Padma, P., Komath, SS., Nadimpalli, SK., Swamy, MJ. Purification in high yield and characterisation of a new galactose-specific lectin from the seeds of Trichosanthes cucumerina . phytochemistry, 1999, vol. 50, no. 3, p. 363–371. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00544-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Additional substance description:

galactose-specific lectin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

350
Internal remarks:

Galactose-specific lectin in seed

Composition #16: Kage, Devendra N., Malashetty, Vijaykumar B., Seetharam, Y. N., Suresh, P., Patil, Saraswati B. Effect of Ethanol Extract of Whole Plant of Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina L. on Gonadotropins, Ovarian Follicular Kinetics and Estrous Cycle for Screening of Antifertility Activity in Albino Rats . international journal of morphology, 2009, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 173–182. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #17: Kage, Devendra N., Malashetty, Vijaykumar B., Seetharam, Y. N., Suresh, P., Patil, Saraswati B. Effect of Ethanol Extract of Whole Plant of Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina L. on Gonadotropins, Ovarian Follicular Kinetics and Estrous Cycle for Screening of Antifertility Activity in Albino Rats . international journal of morphology, 2009, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 173–182. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #18: Kage, Devendra N., Malashetty, Vijaykumar B., Seetharam, Y. N., Suresh, P., Patil, Saraswati B. Effect of Ethanol Extract of Whole Plant of Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina L. on Gonadotropins, Ovarian Follicular Kinetics and Estrous Cycle for Screening of Antifertility Activity in Albino Rats . international journal of morphology, 2009, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 173–182. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Endpoint study #1: Kage, Devendra N., Malashetty, Vijaykumar B., Seetharam, Y. N., Suresh, P., Patil, Saraswati B. Effect of Ethanol Extract of Whole Plant of Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina L. on Gonadotropins, Ovarian Follicular Kinetics and Estrous Cycle for Screening of Antifertility Activity in Albino Rats . international journal of morphology, 2009, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 173–182. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

200-400
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Ovaries (TT047A)
Effect description:

antiovulatory activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

The ethanol extract of the whole plant showed an antiovulatory activity in female albino rats (quantitative data)