EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson

Family:: Menispermaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 173
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Magnoflorine (whole plant) #2: Syringin (whole plant) #3: Alkaloids (table in review article) #4: Furan derivatives (table in review article) #5: Borapetoside A-H (stem) #6: Aporphine alkaloids (stem) #7: Clerodane-type diterpenes (stem; e.g. tinotofulin) #8: Alkaloids (stem; 4,13-dihydroxy-2,8,9-trimethoxydibenzo[a,g]quinolizinium, dihydrodiscretamine, columbamine, magnoflorine, N-formylannonaine, N-formylnornuciferine and N-trans-feruloyltyramine) #9: Crispene E (clerodane type diterpene) #10: Borapetoside C (stem) #11: Alkaloids (stem; liriodenine,lysicamine,dihydrodiscretamine, columbamine, magnoflorine, N-formylannonaine, N-formylnornuciferine, and N-trans-feruloyltyramine) #12: Alkaloids (stem: N-Formylannonaine, N-formylnornu- ciferine and N-acetylnornuciferin)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Hepatotoxicity #2: Toxic hepatitis, case report

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Ahmad, Waqas., Jantan, Ibrahim., Kumolosasi, Endang., Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas. Standardized extract of Tinospora crispa stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses in Balb/c mice. . food & function, 2016, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1380–9. DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01531f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH 80%
Substance:

magnoflorine (RF-00003919-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

281
Internal remarks:

Magnoflorine (whole plant)

Composition #2: Ahmad, Waqas., Jantan, Ibrahim., Kumolosasi, Endang., Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas. Standardized extract of Tinospora crispa stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses in Balb/c mice. . food & function, 2016, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1380–9. DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01531f. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

EtOH 80%
Substance:

Eleutheroside B (RF-00011069-PAR)
Additional substance description:

syringin
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

467
Internal remarks:

Syringin (whole plant)

Composition #3: Thomas Alex., Kumar D Suresh., Rajesh E K. The Significance of Tinospora crispa in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Phytotherapy research : PTR, None . .

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (table in review article)

Composition #4: Thomas Alex., Kumar D Suresh., Rajesh E K. The Significance of Tinospora crispa in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Phytotherapy research : PTR, None . .

Language:

English (en)
Substance:

furan derivatives (RF-00004396-PAR)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Furan derivatives (table in review article)

Composition #5: Koay, Yen Chin., Amir, Faheem. A Review of the Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities of Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae) . tropical journal of pharmaceutical research, 2013, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 641–649. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.30. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

diterpene lactones (RF-00004306-PAR)
Additional substance description:

borapetosides A-H
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Borapetoside A-H (stem)

Composition #6: Koay, Yen Chin., Amir, Faheem. A Review of the Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities of Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae) . tropical journal of pharmaceutical research, 2013, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 641–649. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.30. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

Aporphine alkaloids (RF-00010806-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Aporphine alkaloids (stem)

Composition #7: Koay, Yen Chin., Amir, Faheem. A Review of the Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities of Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae) . tropical journal of pharmaceutical research, 2013, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 641–649. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.30. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Substance:

clerodane-type diterpenes (RF-00004350-PAR)
Additional substance description:

e.g. tinotufolin
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Clerodane-type diterpenes (stem; e.g. tinotofulin)

Composition #8: Yusoff, M., Hamid, H., Houghton, P. Anticholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Quaternary Alkaloids from Tinospora crispa. MOLECULES, 2014, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1201–1211. DOI: 10.3390/molecules19011201. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

4,13-dihydroxy-2,8,9-trimethoxydibenzo[a,g]quinolizinium, dihydrodiscretamine, columbamine, magnoflorine, N-formylannonaine, N-formylnornuciferine and N-trans-feruloyltyramine
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Column chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (stem; 4,13-dihydroxy-2,8,9-trimethoxydibenzo[a,g]quinolizinium, dihydrodiscretamine, columbamine, magnoflorine, N-formylannonaine, N-formylnornuciferine and N-trans-feruloyltyramine)

Composition #9: Mantaj, J., Rahman, SMA., Bokshi, B., Hasan, CM., Jackson, PJM., Parsons, RB., Rahman, KM. Crispene E, a cis-clerodane diterpene inhibits STAT3 dimerization in breast cancer cells. ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY, 2015, vol. 13, no. 13, p. 3882–3886. DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00052a. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

clerodane-type diterpenes (RF-00004350-PAR)
Additional substance description:

crispin E
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Crispene E (clerodane type diterpene)

Composition #10: Hamid, HA., Yusoff, MM., Liu, M., Karim, MR. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory constituents of Tinospora crispa: Isolation and chemical profile confirmation by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS, 2015, vol. 16, p. 74–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

diterpene lactones (RF-00004306-PAR)
Additional substance description:

borapetoside C
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Borapetoside C (stem)

Composition #11: Hamid, HA., Yusoff, MM., Liu, M., Karim, MR. alpha-Glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory constituents of Tinospora crispa: Isolation and chemical profile confirmation by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS, 2015, vol. 16, p. 74–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

liriodenine,lysicamine,dihydrodiscretamine, columbamine, magnoflorine, N-formylannonaine, N-formylnornuciferine, and N-trans-feruloyltyramine
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (stem; liriodenine,lysicamine,dihydrodiscretamine, columbamine, magnoflorine, N-formylannonaine, N-formylnornuciferine, and N-trans-feruloyltyramine)

Composition #12: PACHALY, P., ADNAN, AZ., WILL, G. NMR-ASSIGNMENTS OF N-ACYLAPORPHINE ALKALOIDS FROM TINOSPORA-CRISPA. planta medica, 1992, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 184–187. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-961425. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

P-ether, methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

N-Formylannonaine, N-formylnornu- ciferine and N-acetylnornuciferin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (stem: N-Formylannonaine, N-formylnornu- ciferine and N-acetylnornuciferin)

Endpoint study #1: Thomas Alex., Kumar D Suresh., Rajesh E K. The Significance of Tinospora crispa in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Phytotherapy research : PTR, None . .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

study with volunteers (CHD056TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: CAPSULE (OECD2228PL)
Exposure duration:

2.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Month (G206A)
Number of organisms dosed:

36
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per day (G209A)
Effect concentration:

500
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

crossover study, 16.7% of participants had an increase more than 3 times baseline level of ASAT ALAT
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity

Endpoint study #2: Langrand, J., Regnault, H., Cachet, X., Bouzidi, C., Villa, AF., Serfaty, L., Garnier, R., Michel, S. Toxic hepatitis induced by a herbal medicine: Tinospora crispa. PHYTOMEDICINE, 2014, vol. 21, no. 8-9, p. 1120–1123. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.031. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: CAPSULE (OECD2228PL)
Exposure duration:

2.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Month (G206A)
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Pieces per day (G255A)
Effect concentration:

10
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Toxic hepatitis, full recovery after discontinuation of herbal remedy
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Toxic hepatitis, case report