EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Terminalia chebula Retz.

Family:: Combretaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2044
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Tannins #2: alkaloids #3: tannins #4: Gallic acid in fruits

Endpoint Studies

#1: maltase inhibition by fruit methanol extracts #2: alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kaur, S., Grover, IS., Singh, M., Kaur, S. Antimutagenicity of hydrolyzable tannins from Terminalia chebula in Salmonella typhimurium . mutation research-genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis, 1998, vol. 419, no. 1-3, p. 169–179. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00130-2. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 95%
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #2: Anam, K., Widharna, R. M., Kusrini, D. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity of Terminalia Species. international journal of pharmacology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 277–280. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 96%
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #3: Anam, K., Widharna, R. M., Kusrini, D. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity of Terminalia Species. international journal of pharmacology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 277–280. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol 96%
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tannins

Composition #4: LEE, SH., RYU, SY., CHOI, SU., LEE, CO., NO, ZS., KIM, SK., AHN, JW. HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS AND RELATED COMPOUND HAVING CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY FROM THE FRUITS OF TERMINALIA-CHEBULA . archives of pharmacal research, 1995, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 118–120. DOI: 10.1007/BF02979144. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

gallic acid (RF-00003821-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Gallic acid in fruits

Endpoint study #1: Gao, Hong., Huang, Yi-Na., Xu, Pei-Yu., Kawabata, Jun. Inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase by the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. . food chemistry, 2007, vol. 105, no. 2, p. 628–634. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.023. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Chebulagic acid (RF-00010972-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol 70%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

97000
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

intestinal maltase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

maltase inhibition by fruit methanol extracts

Endpoint study #2: Anam, K., Widharna, R. M., Kusrini, D. alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity of Terminalia Species. international journal of pharmacology, 2009, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 277–280. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 96%
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/millilitre (G052A)
Effect concentration:

6.32
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Pancreas (TT024A)
Effect description:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

alpha-glucosidase inhibition