Draft - work in progress
-
- Symphytum x uplandicum Nyman
Symphytum x uplandicum Nyman
- Family:
- Boraginaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 51
- Number of processed references:
- 5
Composition #1: Cook, Kathleen K., White, Kevin D., Rader, Jeanne I. Use of pyrrolizidine alkaloid profiles to distinguish Symphytum officinale (common comfrey) from S. x uplandicum (Russian Comfrey) in comfrey products sold in the United States . faseb journal, 2004, vol. 18, no. 4-5, p. Abst. 115.6–Abst. 115.6. .
-
-
Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Echimidine (RF-00000276-TOX)
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC/UV, TLC and LC/MS
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
echimidine
Composition #2: Culvenor, C. C. J., Clarke, M., Edgar, J. A., Frahn, J. L., Jago, M. V., Peterson, J. E., Smith, L. W. Structure and toxicity of the alkaloids of Russian comfrey (Symphytum × uplandicum Nyman), a medicinal herb and item of human diet. Experientia, 1980, p. 377–379. .
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
Methanol
-
Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
Echimidine, symphytine, lycopsamine, intermedine, 7-acetyllycopsamine, 7-acetylintermedine, symlandine and uplandicine (7-acetyl-9-echimidinylretronecine)
-
Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
alkaloids
Composition #3: Mattocks, A. R. Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in comfrey. lancet, 1980, p. 1136–1137. .
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
methanol
-
Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
-
Analytical method code:
Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
spectrophotometry
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
0.003-0.115
-
Internal remarks:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Composition #4: Roeder, E., Bourauel, T., Neuberger, V. Symviridine, a new pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Symphytum species. Phytochemistry, 1992, p. 4041–4042. .
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
-
Substance:
Symviridine (RF-00000304-TOX)
-
Analytical method code:
Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Simviridine
Composition #5: Pawar, Rahul S., Grundel, Erich., Mazzola, Eugene., White, Kevin D., Krynitsky, Alexander J., Rader, Jeanne I. Chiral stationary phases for separation of intermedine and lycopsamine enantiomers from Symphytum uplandicum. JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, 2010, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 200–205. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900611.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
-
Additional extraction description:
methanol
-
Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
-
Additional substance description:
Intermidine, lycopsamine
-
Analytical method code:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
-
Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
-
Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
-
Internal remarks:
Intermidine, lycopsamine
