EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Sphaeranthus indicus L.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 241
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Alkaloid (sphaeranthine) #2: p-methoxycinnamaldehyde #3: Eugenol #4: p-methoxycinnamaldehyde #5: Eugenol #6: Sesquiterpene lactone (7α-hydroxyeudesm-4-en-6,12-olide) #7: Saponins #8: Alkaloids #9: Cardiac glycosides #10: Isoflavone (5,4'-dimethoxy-3'-prenylbiochanin 7-O-beta-D-galactoside) #11: 7-hydroxyfrullanolide #12: Sesquiterpene lactone

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Basu, N. K., Lamsal, P. P. Chemical investigation of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. journal of the american pharmaceutical association, None, p. 274–275. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol (95%)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

sphaeranthine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloid (sphaeranthine)

Composition #2: Nigam, S. S., Rao, A. Kameswara. Chemical study of the essential oil of Sphaeranthus indicus. riechstoffe, aromen, koerperpflegemittel, 1968, p. 75–76. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation of twigs and plants
Substance:

cinnamaldehyde (RF-00003742-PAR)
Additional substance description:

p-methoxycinnamaldehyde
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

7.4
Internal remarks:

p-methoxycinnamaldehyde

Composition #3: Nigam, S. S., Rao, A. Kameswara. Chemical study of the essential oil of Sphaeranthus indicus. riechstoffe, aromen, koerperpflegemittel, 1968, p. 75–76. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation of twigs and plants
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

6.95
Internal remarks:

Eugenol

Composition #4: Lodha, Vandana. Chemical analysis of the essential oil of Sphaeranthus indicus - an Ayurvedic plant of India. indian perfumer, 2003, p. 29–30. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

yield of essential oil 0.06-0.08%
Substance:

cinnamaldehyde (RF-00003742-PAR)
Additional substance description:

p-methoxycinnamaldehyde
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

p-methoxycinnamaldehyde

Composition #5: Lodha, Vandana. Chemical analysis of the essential oil of Sphaeranthus indicus - an Ayurvedic plant of India. indian perfumer, 2003, p. 29–30. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Eugenol

Composition #6: Sohoni, J.S., Rojatkar, S.R., Kulkarni, M.M., Dhaneshwar, N.N., Tavale, S.S., Gururow, T.N., Nagasampagi, B.A. A new eudesmenolide and 2-hydroxycostic acid from Sphaeranthus indicus linn. X-ray molecular structure of 4α,5α-epoxy-7α- hydroxyeudesmanolide. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, 1988, no. 2, p. 157–160. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone
Substance:

sesquiterpene lactones type eudesmanolide sesquiterpene lactones type eudesmanolide (RF-00004395-PAR)
Additional substance description:

7α-hydroxyeudesm-4-en-6,12-olide
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Analytical method - additional description:

C and H NMR, X-ray crystallography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sesquiterpene lactone (7α-hydroxyeudesm-4-en-6,12-olide)

Composition #7: Doss, A. Preliminary phytochemical screening of some Indian Medicinal Plants.. Ancient science of life, 2009, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 12–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

5.08
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #8: Doss, A. Preliminary phytochemical screening of some Indian Medicinal Plants.. Ancient science of life, 2009, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 12–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.31
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #9: Doss, A. Preliminary phytochemical screening of some Indian Medicinal Plants.. Ancient science of life, 2009, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 12–6. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides

Composition #10: Yadava, RN., Kumar, S. A novel isoflavone glycoside from the leaves of Sphaeranthus indicus. fitoterapia, 1999, vol. 70, no. 2, p. 127–129. DOI: 10.1016/S0367-326X(98)00018-5. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

5,4'-dimethoxy-3'-prenylbiochanin 7-O-beta-D-galactoside
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Isoflavone (5,4'-dimethoxy-3'-prenylbiochanin 7-O-beta-D-galactoside)

Composition #11: Fonseca, Lyle C., Dadarkar, Shruta S., Lobo, Aurelio S., Suthar, Ashish C., Chauhan, Vijay S., Chandrababu, Shanthi., Sharma, Somesh D., Dagia, Nilesh M., Padigaru, Muralidhara. 7-hydroxyfrullanolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production from immune cells and is orally efficacious in animal models of inflammation . european journal of pharmacology, 2010, vol. 644, no. 1-3, p. 220–229. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.052. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Additional substance description:

7-hydroxyfrullanolide
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR and MS
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

7-hydroxyfrullanolide

Composition #12: Dubey, Sunil. Growth inhibitory activity of Sphaeranthus indicus L. (Asteraceae) on Earias fabia Stall. . environment conservation journal, 2002, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 83–87. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Petroleum ether
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Sesquiterpene lactone