Draft - work in progress
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- Tomato (as plant) // Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. // Solanum lycopersicum L.
Tomato (as plant) // Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. // Solanum lycopersicum L.
- Family:
- Solanaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 15000
- Number of processed references:
- 4
Composition #1: Friedman M. Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes.. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2015, vol. 63, no. 13, p. 3323–37. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00818.
[
DOI link]
-
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Additional extraction description:
immature tomatoes
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Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
glycoalkaloids: alpha-tomatine and dehydrotomatine
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
glycoalkaloids: a-tomatine and dehydrotomatine in the leaves
Composition #2: Friedman M. Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes.. journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2015, vol. 63, no. 13, p. 3323–37. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00818.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
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Additional extraction description:
immature tomatoes
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Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
glycoalkaloids: alpha-tomatine and dehydrotomatine
-
Result unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
< 500
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Internal remarks:
glycoalkaloids: a-tomatine and dehydrotomatine in the immature tomatoes
Composition #3: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
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Plant part:
Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
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Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
dehydrotomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
7.3-15
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Internal remarks:
dehydrotomatine in flowers and calyxes
Composition #4: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
dehydrotomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
6.1-6.9
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Internal remarks:
dehydrotomatine in the leaves
Composition #5: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
dehydrotomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
8.8-10
-
Internal remarks:
dehydrotomatine in the fruit
Composition #6: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
a-tomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
118
-
Internal remarks:
tomatine in the roots
Composition #7: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
dehydrotomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
13-25
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Internal remarks:
dehydrotomatine in the stem
Composition #8: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
glycoalkaloid: dehydrotomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
23
-
Internal remarks:
dehydrotomatine in the roots
Composition #9: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
a-tomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
795-1100
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Internal remarks:
tomatine in the flowers and calyxes
Composition #10: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
a-tomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
144-465
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Internal remarks:
tomatine in the fruits
Composition #11: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
a-tomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
975-4900
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Internal remarks:
tomatine in the leaves
Composition #12: Friedman, M. Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. journal of chromatography a, 2004, vol. 1054, no. 1-2, p. 143–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.049.
[
DOI link]
-
-
Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
-
Additional extraction description:
unspecified
-
Substance:
Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
-
Additional substance description:
a-tomatine
-
Analytical method code:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
-
Analytical method - additional description:
HPLC
-
Result unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
-
Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
-
Value (concentration, content):
465-896
-
Internal remarks:
tomatine in the stem
Endpoint study
#1: Vianney, Ntabaza Ndage., Salvius, Bakari Amuri., Faustin, Mwamba Maseho., Joel, Kabadi Kasongo., Tresor, Sumbu Nzuki., Jean-Marie, Ompey Vianney., Jean-Baptiste, Lumbu Simbi., Byanga, Kahumba. Acute oral toxicity profile of the aqueous extract of six plants used in congolese traditional medicine. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical research, 2019, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 168–181. .
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Plant part:
Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
distilled water
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Type of toxicological test:
acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
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Tested organism:
Guinea pig (as animal) (A0CTN)
-
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
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Number of organisms dosed:
12
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Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
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Effect concentration:
1000
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Critical effect:
SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
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Target tissue:
Digestive (TT002A)
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Effect description:
Hypoactivity, death (1000 mg/kg) , Alopecia, abdominal bloating, hypoactivity, bloody lesions, death (2000-3000 mg/kg)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
mortality (CHD010BE)
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Internal remarks:
Mortality in guinea pigs (dose dependent) 1000-3000 mg/kg
Genotox #1: Silva, RMG., Figueiredo, CCM., Gomes, AD., de Mello Peixoto, ECT., Ferreira, PC., Silva, LP. MUTAGENICITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF LONG-LIFE TOMATO. bioscience journal, 2016, vol. 32, no. 4, p. 999–1007. .
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Study category:
Genotoxicity
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Type of toxicological test:
Mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test (CHD057TT)
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Tested organism:
House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
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Strain of test organism:
Swiss (CHD005ST)
-
-
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:
no data
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
-
Exposure duration for in vivo:
7.0
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
5
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Control groups used:
yes, concurrent vehicle
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Endpoint measured:
DNA damage and/or repair
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Remarks on genotox study:
In micronucleus test, bone marrow cells treated with tomato showed dose dependent increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency in the concentrations 100- 400 mg/kg
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Internal remarks:
Genotoxicity dose dependent increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency in mice
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Internal ID:
WOS:000379770400019
Genotox #2: Silva, RMG., Figueiredo, CCM., Gomes, AD., de Mello Peixoto, ECT., Ferreira, PC., Silva, LP. MUTAGENICITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF LONG-LIFE TOMATO. bioscience journal, 2016, vol. 32, no. 4, p. 999–1007. .
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Study category:
Genotoxicity
-
Type of toxicological test:
chromosome aberration assay (CHD047TT)
-
-
Tested organism:
House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
-
Strain of test organism:
Swiss (CHD005ST)
-
-
Exogenous metabolic activation applied:
no data
-
Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
-
Exposure duration for in vivo:
7.0
-
Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
-
Number of organisms dosed:
5
-
Control groups used:
yes, concurrent vehicle
-
Endpoint measured:
chromosome aberration
-
-
Remarks on genotox study:
Chromosome aberration test showed chromosomal breakage, gaps and rings formation; dose dependent increase in chromosomal aberrations in the concentrations 100- 400 mg/kg
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Internal remarks:
Genotoxicity dose dependent increase in chromosomal aberrations in mice
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Internal ID:
WOS:000379770400019