EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Solanum anguivi Lam.

Family:: Solanaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 81
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Steroidal saponins (Anguivioside A, B1 and B2; Nigroside A) #2: Tannins (catechin) #3: Quinones #4: Saponins #5: Coumarins #6: Saponins #7: oxalates (total) #8: phytic acid (phytate) #9: solamargine #10: Anguivine, isoanguivine (steroidal alkaloid)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Dose-dependent reduction in red blood cell count (RBC), haemaglobolin and white blood cell count

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Zhu, Xing-Hua., Tsumagari, Hidetsugu., Honbu, Takehiko., Ikeda, Tsuyoshi., Ono, Masateru., Nohara, Toshihiro. Peculiar steroidal saponins with opened E-ring from Solanum genera plants. Tetrahedron Letters, 2001, p. 8043–8046. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

steroidal saponins (RF-00010818-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Anguivioside A, B1 and B2; Nigroside A
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Steroidal saponins (Anguivioside A, B1 and B2; Nigroside A)

Composition #2: Dan, Chepo Ghislaine., Kouassi, Kouakou Nestor., Ban, Koffi Louis., Nemlin, Gnopo Jean., Kouame, Patrice Lucien. Influence of maturity stage on nutritional and therapeutic potentialities of Solanum anguivi Lam berries (Gnagnan) cultivated in Ĉote d'Ivoire. international journal of materials science and applications, 2014, p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Gallotannins (RF-00013316-PAR)
Additional substance description:

catechin tannins - higher prevalence in green and yellow berries
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins (catechin)

Composition #3: Dan, Chepo Ghislaine., Kouassi, Kouakou Nestor., Ban, Koffi Louis., Nemlin, Gnopo Jean., Kouame, Patrice Lucien. Influence of maturity stage on nutritional and therapeutic potentialities of Solanum anguivi Lam berries (Gnagnan) cultivated in Ĉote d'Ivoire. international journal of materials science and applications, 2014, p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Quinones (RF-00010832-PAR)
Additional substance description:

higher prevalence in green berries
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Quinones

Composition #4: Dan, Chepo Ghislaine., Kouassi, Kouakou Nestor., Ban, Koffi Louis., Nemlin, Gnopo Jean., Kouame, Patrice Lucien. Influence of maturity stage on nutritional and therapeutic potentialities of Solanum anguivi Lam berries (Gnagnan) cultivated in Ĉote d'Ivoire. international journal of materials science and applications, 2014, p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

higher prevalence in orange and red berries
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #5: Dan, Chepo Ghislaine., Kouassi, Kouakou Nestor., Ban, Koffi Louis., Nemlin, Gnopo Jean., Kouame, Patrice Lucien. Influence of maturity stage on nutritional and therapeutic potentialities of Solanum anguivi Lam berries (Gnagnan) cultivated in Ĉote d'Ivoire. international journal of materials science and applications, 2014, p. 1–5. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarins

Composition #6: Elekofehinti, O.O., Adanlawo, I.G., Saliu, J.A., Sodehinde, S.A. Saponins from Solanum anguivi fruits exhibit hypolipidemic potential in rattusnovergicus. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2012, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 811–814. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #7: Dan, C.G., Dje, K.M., Ban, L.K., Nemlin, J.G., Kouame, P.L. Effect of cross contamination on berries of Solanum anguivi lam and change of some antinutrients of their berries during post-harvest storage. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2014, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 506–513. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2014.506.513. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

AOAC method
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

459.03-688.32
Internal remarks:

oxalates (total)

Composition #8: Dan, C.G., Dje, K.M., Ban, L.K., Nemlin, J.G., Kouame, P.L. Effect of cross contamination on berries of Solanum anguivi lam and change of some antinutrients of their berries during post-harvest storage. pakistan journal of nutrition, 2014, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 506–513. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2014.506.513. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

see article
Substance:

phytic acid (RF-00000363-NTR)
Additional substance description:

phytate
Analytical method code:

Traditional analytical techniques (wet chemical tests) (F003A)
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.26-3.75
Internal remarks:

phytic acid (phytate)

Composition #9: RIPPERGER, H., HIMMELREICH, U. SOLANUM ALKALOIDS .128. ANGUIVINE AND ISOANGUIVINE, STEROID ALKALOID GLYCOSIDES FROM SOLANUM-ANGUIVI. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1994, vol. 37, no. 6, p. 1725–1727. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89600-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

solamargine (RF-00003581-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

H and C NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

solamargine

Composition #10: RIPPERGER, H., HIMMELREICH, U. SOLANUM ALKALOIDS .128. ANGUIVINE AND ISOANGUIVINE, STEROID ALKALOID GLYCOSIDES FROM SOLANUM-ANGUIVI. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1994, vol. 37, no. 6, p. 1725–1727. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89600-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Steroidal alkaloids (RF-00004336-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Anguivine, Isoanguivine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

H and C NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anguivine, isoanguivine (steroidal alkaloid)

Endpoint study #1: Elekofehinti, O. O., Adanlawo, I. G., Fakoya, A. Solanum anguivi saponins inhibit basal erythropoiesis in Rattus novergicus. asian journal of pharmaceutical and health sciences, 2012, p. 416–419. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

methanol, buthanol and diethyl ether
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: UNSPECIFIED (OECD2234PL)
Exposure duration:

21.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

20
Critical effect:

HEMOPOIETIC (TOX10A)
Target tissue:

Cardiovascular / Haematological (TT001A)
Effect description:

Dose-dependent reduction in red blood cell count (RBC), haemaglobolin and white blood cell count
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

haematology (CHD023BE)
Internal remarks:

Dose-dependent reduction in red blood cell count (RBC), haemaglobolin and white blood cell count