EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Jojoba (as plant) // Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid.

Family:: Simmondsiaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 699
Number of processed references:: 3

Compositions

#1: Simmondsin in leaves #2: Simmondsin in twigs #3: Simmondsin in inflorescence #4: Simmondsin in seeds #5: Simmondsin in wood #6: Simmondsin in seeds

Endpoint Studies

#1: Simmondsin associated with antinutritional effects: weight loss and death

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Verbiscar, Anthony J., Banigan, Thomas F. Composition of jojoba seeds and foliage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1978, p. 1456–1459. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone
Substance:

Simmondsin Simmondsin (RF-00010844-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.19-0.23
Internal remarks:

Simmondsin in leaves

Composition #2: Verbiscar, Anthony J., Banigan, Thomas F. Composition of jojoba seeds and foliage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1978, p. 1456–1459. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone
Substance:

Simmondsin Simmondsin (RF-00010844-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in twigs
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.63-0.71
Internal remarks:

Simmondsin in twigs

Composition #3: Verbiscar, Anthony J., Banigan, Thomas F. Composition of jojoba seeds and foliage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1978, p. 1456–1459. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone
Substance:

Simmondsin Simmondsin (RF-00010844-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.22
Internal remarks:

Simmondsin in inflorescence

Composition #4: Verbiscar, Anthony J., Banigan, Thomas F. Composition of jojoba seeds and foliage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1978, p. 1456–1459. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone
Substance:

Simmondsin Simmondsin (RF-00010844-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

2.27-2.34
Internal remarks:

Simmondsin in seeds

Composition #5: Verbiscar, Anthony J., Banigan, Thomas F. Composition of jojoba seeds and foliage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1978, p. 1456–1459. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Wood (as part-nature) (A166P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Acetone
Substance:

Simmondsin Simmondsin (RF-00010844-PAR)
Analytical method code:

HPLC with standard detection methods (F019A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.45
Internal remarks:

Simmondsin in wood

Composition #6: Bouali, Abderrahime., Bellirou, Ahmed., Boukhatem, Noureddin., Hamal, Abdellah., Bouammali, Boufelja. Enzymatic detoxification of jojoba meal and effect of the resulting meal on food intake in rats. Natural Product Research, 2008, p. 638–647. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Simmondsin Simmondsin (RF-00010844-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Simmondsin in seeds

Endpoint study #1: Verbiscar, A.J., Banigan, T.F., Weber, C.W., Reid, B.L., Trei, J.E., Nelson, E.A., Raffauf, R.F., Kosersky, D. Detoxification of jojoba meal. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1980, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 571–578. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Simmondsin Simmondsin (RF-00010844-PAR)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Additional plant/substance description:

Simmondsin hydrate in jojoba oil
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration:

14.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

8
Control groups used:

no
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

750
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

antinutritional effect in mice (weight loss leading to death)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

Simmondsin associated with antinutritional effects: weight loss and death