EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Senna tora (L.) Roxb. // Cassia tora L.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1554
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Emodin #2: Aurantio-obtusin #3: Rhein #4: cardiac glycosides #5: phlobotannins #6: Tannins #7: Alkaloids #8: Quinizarin #9: chrysophanol #10: rhein #11: emodin #12: Oxalates #13: chrysophanol #14: Coumarin derivatives #15: Anthraquinone derivatives

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Wang, Ning., Wu, Yuanyuan., Wu, Xingqiang., Liang, Shuxuan., Sun, Hanwen. A novel nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method for effective separation and simultaneous determination of aurantio-obtusin, emodin and rhein in semen cassiae and cassia seed tea. analytical methods, 2014, p. 5133–5139. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Chloroform
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis (CE or CZE) (F071A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

629
Internal remarks:

Emodin

Composition #2: Wang, Ning., Wu, Yuanyuan., Wu, Xingqiang., Liang, Shuxuan., Sun, Hanwen. A novel nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method for effective separation and simultaneous determination of aurantio-obtusin, emodin and rhein in semen cassiae and cassia seed tea. analytical methods, 2014, p. 5133–5139. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Chloroform
Substance:

1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives (RF-00004312-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aurantio-obtusin
Analytical method code:

Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis (CE or CZE) (F071A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

468
Internal remarks:

Aurantio-obtusin

Composition #3: Wang, Ning., Wu, Yuanyuan., Wu, Xingqiang., Liang, Shuxuan., Sun, Hanwen. A novel nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method for effective separation and simultaneous determination of aurantio-obtusin, emodin and rhein in semen cassiae and cassia seed tea. analytical methods, 2014, p. 5133–5139. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Chloroform
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis (CE or CZE) (F071A)
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

582
Internal remarks:

Rhein

Composition #4: Veerachari, U., Bopaiah, A.K. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of six cassia species. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. P260–P270. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol and methanol extracts
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cardiac glycosides

Composition #5: Veerachari, U., Bopaiah, A.K. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of six cassia species. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. P260–P270. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol and methanol extracts
Substance:

phlobotannins (RF-00011481-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

phlobotannins

Composition #6: Veerachari, U., Bopaiah, A.K. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of six cassia species. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. P260–P270. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol and methanol extracts
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #7: Veerachari, U., Bopaiah, A.K. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of six cassia species. international journal of pharma and bio sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. P260–P270. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Dragendorff’s Test
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #8: Lee, HS. Inhibitory effects of quinizarin isolated from Cassia tora seeds against human intestinal bacteria and Aflatoxin B-1 biotransformation . journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 2003, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 529–536. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH, solvent and column chromatography processing
Substance:

anthraquinones (RF-00004343-PAR)
Additional substance description:

quinizarin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR, IR, MS, UV + column chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Quinizarin

Composition #9: Wu, CH., Yen, GC. Antigenotoxic properties of Cassia tea (Cassia tora L.): Mechanism of action and the influence of roasting process . life sciences, 2004, vol. 76, no. 1, p. 85–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.61
Internal remarks:

chrysophanol

Composition #10: Wu, CH., Yen, GC. Antigenotoxic properties of Cassia tea (Cassia tora L.): Mechanism of action and the influence of roasting process . life sciences, 2004, vol. 76, no. 1, p. 85–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.42
Internal remarks:

rhein

Composition #11: Wu, CH., Yen, GC. Antigenotoxic properties of Cassia tea (Cassia tora L.): Mechanism of action and the influence of roasting process . life sciences, 2004, vol. 76, no. 1, p. 85–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.011. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water
Substance:

Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.28
Internal remarks:

emodin

Composition #12: Kadiri, M., Bedri, BA., Ajao, SS. Toxicological screening of some Nigerian wild legumes. revista de biologia tropical, 1996, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 269–274. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Water
Substance:

Oxalates (RF-00004308-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry (F008A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.09
Internal remarks:

Oxalates

Composition #13: Choi, JS., Lee, HJ., Park, KY., Ha, JO., Kang, SS. In vitro antimutagenic effects of anthraquinone aglycones and naphthopyrone glycosides from Cassia tora . planta medica, 1997, vol. 63, no. 1, p. 11–14. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957593. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

and NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

chrysophanol

Composition #14: Choi, JS., Lee, HJ., Park, KY., Ha, JO., Kang, SS. In vitro antimutagenic effects of anthraquinone aglycones and naphthopyrone glycosides from Cassia tora . planta medica, 1997, vol. 63, no. 1, p. 11–14. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957593. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

coumarins (RF-00004351-PAR)
Additional substance description:

cassiaside, Rubrofusarin gentiobioside
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

and NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Coumarin derivatives

Composition #15: Choi, JS., Lee, HJ., Park, KY., Ha, JO., Kang, SS. In vitro antimutagenic effects of anthraquinone aglycones and naphthopyrone glycosides from Cassia tora . planta medica, 1997, vol. 63, no. 1, p. 11–14. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957593. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol
Substance:

1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives (RF-00004312-PAR)
Additional substance description:

aurantio-obtusin, chrysobtusin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Analytical method - additional description:

and NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Anthraquinone derivatives