Draft - work in progress
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- Senna alata (L.) Roxb.
Senna alata (L.) Roxb.
- Family:
- Fabaceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 364
- Number of processed references:
- 11
Composition #1: Rahman, M. S., Hasan, A. J. M. Moynul., Ali, M. Y., Ali, M. U. An isoflavone from the leaves of Cassia alata. bangladesh journal of scientific and industrial research, 2005, p. 287–290. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
unspecified
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Substance:
isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
6,8,4'-trihydroxy isoflavone
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Analytical method code:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectrometry
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
6,8,4'-trihydroxy isoflavone in leaves
Composition #2: Fernand, Vivian E., Dinh, David T., Washington, Samuel J., Fakayode, Sayo O., Losso, Jack N., van Ravenswaay, Rick O., Warner, Isiah M. Determination of pharmacologically active compounds in root extracts of Cassia alata L. by use of high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta, 2008, p. 896–902. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
physcion (RF-00003993-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
LC–APCI-MS
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
4.45
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Internal remarks:
physcion
Composition #3: Fernand, Vivian E., Dinh, David T., Washington, Samuel J., Fakayode, Sayo O., Losso, Jack N., van Ravenswaay, Rick O., Warner, Isiah M. Determination of pharmacologically active compounds in root extracts of Cassia alata L. by use of high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta, 2008, p. 896–902. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
Emodin (RF-00003798-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
LC–APCI-MS
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
26.5
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Composition #4: Fernand, Vivian E., Dinh, David T., Washington, Samuel J., Fakayode, Sayo O., Losso, Jack N., van Ravenswaay, Rick O., Warner, Isiah M. Determination of pharmacologically active compounds in root extracts of Cassia alata L. by use of high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta, 2008, p. 896–902. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
chrysophanol (RF-00003737-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
LC–APCI-MS
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
21.6
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Internal remarks:
Chrysophanol
Composition #5: Fernand, Vivian E., Dinh, David T., Washington, Samuel J., Fakayode, Sayo O., Losso, Jack N., van Ravenswaay, Rick O., Warner, Isiah M. Determination of pharmacologically active compounds in root extracts of Cassia alata L. by use of high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta, 2008, p. 896–902. .
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Plant part:
Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
rhein (RF-00004027-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
LC–APCI-MS
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
68.4
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Composition #6: Morinaga, Osamu., Uto, Takuhiro., Sakamoto, Seiichi., Putalun, Waraporn., Lhieochaiphant, Sorasak., Tanaka, Hiroyuki., Shoyama, Yukihiro. Development of eastern blotting technique for sennoside A and sennoside B using anti-sennoside A and anti-sennoside B monoclonal antibodies. Phytochemical Analysis, 2009, p. 154–158. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol
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Substance:
sennoside B (RF-00004052-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
Thin-layer chromatography
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.116
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Internal remarks:
sennoside B
Composition #7: Morinaga, Osamu., Uto, Takuhiro., Sakamoto, Seiichi., Putalun, Waraporn., Lhieochaiphant, Sorasak., Tanaka, Hiroyuki., Shoyama, Yukihiro. Development of eastern blotting technique for sennoside A and sennoside B using anti-sennoside A and anti-sennoside B monoclonal antibodies. Phytochemical Analysis, 2009, p. 154–158. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol
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Substance:
sennoside A (RF-00004051-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
Thin-layer chromatography
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.119
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Internal remarks:
sennoside A
Composition #8: Morinaga, Osamu., Uto, Takuhiro., Sakamoto, Seiichi., Tanaka, Hiroyuki., Shoyama, Yukihiro. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for total sennosides using anti-sennoside A and anti-sennoside B monoclonal antibodies. Fitoterapia, 2009, p. 28–31. .
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
methanol
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Substance:
sennoside A (RF-00004051-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
sennosides A+B
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Analytical method code:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (F080A)
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Result unit:
Milligram/gram (G060A)
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Result expression:
Dry matter (B002A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
2.34
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Internal remarks:
sennosides A+B
Composition #9: Abii, T. A., Onuha, E. N. A preliminary investigation into the phytochemicals, vitamins and mineral constituents of the leaf of two tradomedicinal plants - urena lobata and cassia alata used in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014, p. 1–4. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Unspecified
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Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
4.360
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Internal remarks:
alkaloids
Composition #10: Abii, T. A., Onuha, E. N. A preliminary investigation into the phytochemicals, vitamins and mineral constituents of the leaf of two tradomedicinal plants - urena lobata and cassia alata used in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014, p. 1–4. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Unspecified
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Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
2.410
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Internal remarks:
saponins
Composition #11: MT, Y., AO, A., AT, O., MA, A., OB, O., GA, J., AWO, O., AJ, A. Abortifacient Potential of Aqueous Extract of Senna alata Leaves in Rats. Journal of Reproduction and Contraception, 2010, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 163–177. DOI: 10.1016/S1001-7844(10)60025-9.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
cold distilled water
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Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.52
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Internal remarks:
Alkaloids
Composition #12: MT, Y., AO, A., AT, O., MA, A., OB, O., GA, J., AWO, O., AJ, A. Abortifacient Potential of Aqueous Extract of Senna alata Leaves in Rats. Journal of Reproduction and Contraception, 2010, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 163–177. DOI: 10.1016/S1001-7844(10)60025-9.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
cold distilled water
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Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
1.22
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Internal remarks:
saponins
Composition #13: Ogunwande, I.A., Flamini, G., Cioni, P.L., Omikorede, O., Azeez, R.A., Ayodele, A.A., Kamil, Y.O. Aromatic plants growing in Nigeria: Essential oil constituents of Cassia alata (Linn.) Roxb. and Helianthus annuus L. records of natural products, 2010, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 211–217. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
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Substance:
1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
GC-MS (F046A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
39.8
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Internal remarks:
1,8-cineole
Composition #14: Veerachari, U., Bopaiah, A.K. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of six cassia species. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. P260–P270. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Cardiac glycosides
Composition #15: Veerachari, U., Bopaiah, A.K. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of six cassia species. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. P260–P270. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Anthraquinone
Composition #16: Veerachari, U., Bopaiah, A.K. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of six cassia species. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, p. P260–P270. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Tannins
Composition #17: Ogunkunle, A. T. J., Ladejobi, Tonia A. Ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies on some species of Senna in Nigeria. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2006, vol. 5, no. 21, p. 2020–2023. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
Anthraquinone (RF-0475-001-PPP)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
anthraquinone
Composition #18: Ogunkunle, A. T. J., Ladejobi, Tonia A. Ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies on some species of Senna in Nigeria. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2006, vol. 5, no. 21, p. 2020–2023. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
tannins
Composition #19: Ogunkunle, A. T. J., Ladejobi, Tonia A. Ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies on some species of Senna in Nigeria. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2006, vol. 5, no. 21, p. 2020–2023. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
saponins
Composition #20: Ogunkunle, A. T. J., Ladejobi, Tonia A. Ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies on some species of Senna in Nigeria. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2006, vol. 5, no. 21, p. 2020–2023. .
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Ethanol
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Substance:
Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
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Additional substance description:
Phlobatannins
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Analytical method code:
Phytochemical screening (F604A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Phlobatannins
Endpoint study
#1: Yakubu, Musa Toyin., Musa, Isah Fakai. Liver and kidney functional indices of pregnant rats following the administration of the crude alkaloids from Senna alata (Linn. Roxb) leaves. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 2012, p. 615–625. .
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
Hexane
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Type of toxicological test:
short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
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Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
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Strain of test organism:
Wistar (CHD013ST)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
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Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
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Number of organisms dosed:
6
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Endpoint measured:
Dose level (CHD014EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
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Effect concentration:
250-1000
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Critical effect:
NEPHROTOXICITY (TOX03A)
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Target tissue:
urogenital: Kidneys (TT046A)
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Effect description:
The alkaloids have caused disturbances in the normal renal functioning of the pregnant rats. Structural damage to the plasma membrane of the nephrons
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
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Internal remarks:
Nephrotoxicity in pregnant rats
Endpoint study
#2: MT, Y., AO, A., AT, O., MA, A., OB, O., GA, J., AWO, O., AJ, A. Abortifacient Potential of Aqueous Extract of Senna alata Leaves in Rats. Journal of Reproduction and Contraception, 2010, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 163–177. DOI: 10.1016/S1001-7844(10)60025-9.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Plant part:
Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
cold distilled water
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Type of toxicological test:
reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
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Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: DRINKING WATER (OECD2229PL)
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Unit of exposure duration:
Day (G134A)
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Number of organisms dosed:
5
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Endpoint measured:
Concentration at or below which no ecologically adverse effects would be expected (CHD078EP)
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Concentration unit:
Milligram/kilogram (G061A)
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Effect concentration:
250-1000
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Critical effect:
REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
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Target tissue:
urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
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Effect description:
The extract significantly reduced the number of life foetus, weight and survival ratio of the foetus, numbers of implantations and Corpora lutea, implantation index, progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones.
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
reproduction (CHD014BE)
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Internal remarks:
abortifacient.
Genotox #1: Hong, Chang-Eui., Lyu, Su-Yun. Genotoxicity detection of five medicinal plants in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2011, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 87–93. DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.87.
[
DOI link]
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Study category:
Mutagenicity
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Type of toxicological test:
bacterial reverse mutation assay (CHD028TT)
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Tested organism:
Escherichia coli (as organism) (A0CQA)
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Strain of test organism:
WP2 uvr A (CHD042ST)
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Exogenous metabolic activation applied:
with and without
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Remarks on genotox study:
The number of revertants in S. alata treated plates were dose dependent increased in TA98 and TA1537 strains (with S9 activation) suggesting that S. alata is a potent mutagen
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Internal remarks:
mutagenic
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Internal ID:
WOS:000287227500010