Draft - work in progress
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- Senecio vulgaris L.
Senecio vulgaris L.
- Family:
- Asteraceae
- Approval state:
- Approved
- Number of articles retrieved:
- 1007
- Number of processed references:
- 5
Composition #1: Molyneux, Russell J., Johnson, A. Earl., Roitman, James N., Benson, Mabry E. Chemistry of toxic range plants. Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloid content and composition in Senecio species by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1979, p. 494–499. .
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
MeOH
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Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
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Additional substance description:
Free pyrrolizidine alkaloids
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Analytical method code:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.14
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Internal remarks:
Free pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Composition #2: Molyneux, Russell J., Johnson, A. Earl., Roitman, James N., Benson, Mabry E. Chemistry of toxic range plants. Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloid content and composition in Senecio species by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1979, p. 494–499. .
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
MeOH
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Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
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Additional substance description:
Total pyrrolizidine alkaloids - seneciphylline (69%), senecionine (21%)
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Analytical method code:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
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Result unit:
Percent (G138A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.16
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Internal remarks:
Total pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Composition #3: Zhou, Yan., Li, Na., Choi, Franky Fung-Kei., Qiao, Chun-Feng., Song, Jing-Zheng., Li, Song-Lin., Liu, Xin., Cai, Zong-Wei., Fu, Peter P., Lin, Ge., et al. A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, p. 33–40. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
0.5 N HCl
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Substance:
Retrorsine (RF-00000239-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
LC-MS (F026A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
UPLC-MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
65
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Internal remarks:
Retrorsine
Composition #4: Zhou, Yan., Li, Na., Choi, Franky Fung-Kei., Qiao, Chun-Feng., Song, Jing-Zheng., Li, Song-Lin., Liu, Xin., Cai, Zong-Wei., Fu, Peter P., Lin, Ge., et al. A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, p. 33–40. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
0.5 N HCl
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Substance:
Seneci(o)phylline (RF-00000233-TOX)
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Additional substance description:
Seneciphylline
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Analytical method code:
LC-MS (F026A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
UPLC-MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
12.3
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Internal remarks:
Seneciphylline
Composition #5: Zhou, Yan., Li, Na., Choi, Franky Fung-Kei., Qiao, Chun-Feng., Song, Jing-Zheng., Li, Song-Lin., Liu, Xin., Cai, Zong-Wei., Fu, Peter P., Lin, Ge., et al. A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, p. 33–40. .
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
0.5 N HCl
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Substance:
Senecionine (RF-00000232-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
LC-MS (F026A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
UPLC-MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
40
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Internal remarks:
Senecionine
Composition #6: Zhou, Yan., Li, Na., Choi, Franky Fung-Kei., Qiao, Chun-Feng., Song, Jing-Zheng., Li, Song-Lin., Liu, Xin., Cai, Zong-Wei., Fu, Peter P., Lin, Ge., et al. A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, p. 33–40. .
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
0.5 N HCl
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Substance:
Senkirkine (RF-00000300-TOX)
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Analytical method code:
LC-MS (F026A)
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Analytical method - additional description:
UPLC-MS
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Result unit:
Microgram/gram (G049A)
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Result type:
Numerical Value (VAL)
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Value (concentration, content):
0.013
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Internal remarks:
Senkirkine
Composition #7: Roeder, E., Wiedenfeld, H. Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids used in the Traditional Indian Medicine - including Ayurveda. PHARMAZIE, 2013, vol. 68, no. 2, p. 83–92. DOI: 10.1691/ph.2013.2706.
[
DOI link]
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Plant part:
Unspecified (A07XD)
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Extraction/Preparation method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional extraction description:
Unspecified
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Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
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Additional substance description:
integerrimine, usamarine, spartioidine, senecionine, retrorsine, seneciphylline and riddelliine
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Analytical method code:
Unspecified (F598A)
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Yes/No Qualitative:
Positive/Present (POS)
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Result type:
Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
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Internal remarks:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Endpoint study
#1: Lessard P., Wilson W D., Olander H J., Rogers Q R., Mendel V E. Clinicopathologic study of horses surviving pyrrolizidine alkaloid (Senecio vulgaris) toxicosis. american journal of veterinary research, 1986, p. 1776–1780. .
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Study relevance:
Animal (target species) health
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Plant part:
Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Fresh (A166Y)
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Type of toxicological test:
case report (CHD060TT)
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Tested organism:
Horse (as animal) (A0B9Z)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
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Number of organisms dosed:
20
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Endpoint measured:
Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
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Critical effect:
HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
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Target tissue:
digestive: Liver (TT023A)
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Effect description:
chronic liver degeneration (liver lesions)
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
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Internal remarks:
hepatotoxicity in horses
Endpoint study
#2: Xiong, Aizhen., Fang, Lianxiang., Yang, Xiao., Yang, Fan., Qi, Meng., Kang, Hong., Yang, Li., Tsim, Karl Wah-Keung., Wang, Zhengtao. An application of target profiling analyses in the hepatotoxicity assessment of herbal medicines: comparative characteristic fingerprint and bile acid profiling of Senecio vulgaris L. and Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 2014, vol. 406, no. 29, p. 7715–7727. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8175-z.
[
DOI link]
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Study relevance:
Human health
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Substance:
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (RF-00000230-TOX)
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Plant part:
Live plants (as part-nature) (A0BA0)
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Preparation/Extraction method:
Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
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Additional plant/substance description:
boiling water
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Type of toxicological test:
short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
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Tested organism:
Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
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Strain of test organism:
Sprague-Dawley (CHD012ST)
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Route of exposure:
ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
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Unit of exposure duration:
Hour (G099A)
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Number of organisms dosed:
10
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Endpoint measured:
Concentration level (CHD013EP)
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Concentration unit:
Grams per kilogram body weight (G226A)
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Critical effect:
HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
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Target tissue:
digestive: Liver (TT023A)
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Effect description:
Blood stasis and significant inflammation, suggesting severe liver injury.
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Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:
histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
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Internal remarks:
hepatotoxicity