EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Chayote (as plant) // Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.

Family:: Cucurbitaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 398
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Cucurbitacins #2: Alkaloids #3: Saponins #4: p-hydroxybenzoic acid #5: Coumaric acid #6: Lectins

Endpoint Studies

#1: a ribosome-inactivating protein (sechiumin) in seeds #2: α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Cadena Iniguez, Jorge., Soto Hernandez, Marco., Arevalo Galarza, Ma de Lourdes., Avendano Arrazate, Carlos Hugo., Aguirre Medina, Juan Francisco., Ruiz Posadas, Lucero del Mar. BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DOMESTICATED VARIETIES OF CHAYOTE Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. FRUITS COMPARED TO WILD RELATIVES . revista chapingo serie horticultura, 2011, vol. 17, no. Sp. Iss. 2, p. 45–55. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

95% ethanol
Substance:

cucurbitacins (RF-00004352-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (F017A)
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.116- 1.456
Internal remarks:

Cucurbitacins

Composition #2: Salama, Ahmed Mohamed., Polo N., Angel Enrique., Contreras M., Carmen Rosa., Maldonado R., Leonor. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and determination of the anti-inflammatory and cardiac activities of Sechium edule fruits. revista colombiana de ciencias quimico-farmaceuticas, 1986, p. 79–82. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #3: Salama, Ahmed Mohamed., Polo N., Angel Enrique., Contreras M., Carmen Rosa., Maldonado R., Leonor. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and determination of the anti-inflammatory and cardiac activities of Sechium edule fruits. revista colombiana de ciencias quimico-farmaceuticas, 1986, p. 79–82. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #4: Okamoto, Y., Nomura, A., Yamanaka, A., Maruyama, S. Inhibitory effects of sechium edule extract on melannin synthesis in a human skin model. japan journal of food engineering, 2009, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 149–154. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (RF-00008325-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC- Colorimetric Array Detector
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.8
Internal remarks:

p-hydroxybenzoic acid

Composition #5: Okamoto, Y., Nomura, A., Yamanaka, A., Maruyama, S. Inhibitory effects of sechium edule extract on melannin synthesis in a human skin model. japan journal of food engineering, 2009, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 149–154. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

p-coumaric acid (RF-00010717-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC- Colorimetric Array Detector
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result expression:

Dry matter (B002A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.3
Internal remarks:

Coumaric acid

Composition #6: VOZARIHAMPE, MM., VIEGAS, C., SAUCEDO, C., ROSSETO, S., MANICA, GG., HAMPE, OG. A LECTIN FROM SECHIUM-EDULE FRUIT EXUDATE. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1992, vol. 31, no. 5, p. 1477–1480. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

phloem exudate
Substance:

Lectins (RF-00000439-ORG)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

After hydrolysis the samples were treated with phenylisothyocyanate and the phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids were analysed by HPLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lectins

Endpoint study #1: Wu, TH., Chow, LP., Lin, JY. Sechiumin, a ribosome-inactivating protein from the edible gourd, Sechium edule Swartz - Purification, characterization, molecular cloning and expression. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY, 1998, vol. 255, no. 2, p. 400–408. DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2550400.x. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

Sechiumin extracted with acetic acid
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Endpoint measured:

Half maximal inhibitory concentration (CHD021EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

7.10-7
Critical effect:

Other toxicities (TOX19A)
Effect description:

Sechiumin inhibits the protein synthesis of rabbit reticulocyte lysate with an IC50 of 0.7 nM
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

a ribosome-inactivating protein (sechiumin) in seeds

Endpoint study #2: Suaiman, Shaida Fariza., Ooi, Kheng Leong., Supriatno. Antioxidant and alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Cucurbit Fruit Vegetables and Identification of Active and Major Constituents from Phenolic-rich Extracts of Lagenaria siceraria and Sechium edule . journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 42, p. 10080–10090. DOI: 10.1021/jf4031037. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethyl acetate
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

OTHER (OECD0PL)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Enzyme inhibition (CHD067EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

51.5
Critical effect:

Digestive (TOX18A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

enzyme inhibition (CHD032BE)
Internal remarks:

α-glucosidase inhibitory activity