EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Scoparia dulcis L.

Family:: Plantaginaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 449
Number of processed references:: 4

Compositions

#1: Cardiac glycosides #2: Alkaloids #3: alkaloids #4: Tannins #5: Saponin glycosides #6: Labdane diterpenes #7: Labdane diterpenes

Endpoint Studies

#1: Mild vascular congestion in heart #2: Mild portal congestion in liver

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Edeoga, H. O., Okwu, D. E., Mbaebie, B. O. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. african journal of biotechnology - online, 2005, p. 685–688. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water extract
Substance:

cardiac glycosides (RF-00010823-PAR)
Additional substance description:

water extract of leaves and stems
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Cardiac glycosides

Composition #2: Edeoga, H. O., Okwu, D. E., Mbaebie, B. O. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. african journal of biotechnology - online, 2005, p. 685–688. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

water extract
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

water extract of leaves and stems
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.48-1.14
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #3: Abere Tavs A., Okoye Chiagozie J., Jesuorobo Rose I., Egharevba Clement O., Aimator Pauline O., Agoreyo Freddy O., Eze Gerald I. Antisickling and toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Scoparia dulcis Linn (Scrophulariaceae). BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2015 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

alkaloids

Composition #4: Abere Tavs A., Okoye Chiagozie J., Jesuorobo Rose I., Egharevba Clement O., Aimator Pauline O., Agoreyo Freddy O., Eze Gerald I. Antisickling and toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Scoparia dulcis Linn (Scrophulariaceae). BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2015 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #5: Abere Tavs A., Okoye Chiagozie J., Jesuorobo Rose I., Egharevba Clement O., Aimator Pauline O., Agoreyo Freddy O., Eze Gerald I. Antisickling and toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Scoparia dulcis Linn (Scrophulariaceae). BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2015 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, water
Substance:

saponin glycosides saponin glycosides (RF-00004318-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponin glycosides

Composition #6: Ahsan, M., Islam, SN., Gray, AI., Stimson, WH. Cytotoxic diterpenes from Scoparia dulcis. journal of natural products, 2003, vol. 66, no. 7, p. 958–961. DOI: 10.1021/np020356j. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

labdane diterpenes (RF-00004392-PAR)
Additional substance description:

iso-dulcinol, 4-epi-scopadulcic acid B, dulcidiol, and scopanolal, dulcinol/scopadulciol, scopadiol
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Labdane diterpenes

Composition #7: Fuentes, Rolly G., Toume, Kazufumi., Arai, Midori A., Sadhu, Samir K., Ahmed, Firoj., Ishibashi, Masami. Scopadulciol, Isolated from Scoparia dulcis, Induces beta-Catenin Degradation and Overcomes Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Ligand Resistance in AGS Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 2015, vol. 78, no. 4, p. 864–872. DOI: 10.1021/np500933v. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

labdane diterpenes (RF-00004392-PAR)
Additional substance description:

scopadulciol and scopadiol
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC, chromatography
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Labdane diterpenes

Endpoint study #1: Abere Tavs A., Okoye Chiagozie J., Jesuorobo Rose I., Egharevba Clement O., Aimator Pauline O., Agoreyo Freddy O., Eze Gerald I. Antisickling and toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Scoparia dulcis Linn (Scrophulariaceae). BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2015 . .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

1-8
Critical effect:

PULMONARY AND CARDIAC (TOX08A)
Target tissue:

cardiovascular / haematological: Heart (TT011A)
Effect description:

Histopathology of the heart showed mild vascular congestion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

gross pathology (CHD022BE)
Internal remarks:

Mild vascular congestion in heart

Endpoint study #2: Abere Tavs A., Okoye Chiagozie J., Jesuorobo Rose I., Egharevba Clement O., Aimator Pauline O., Agoreyo Freddy O., Eze Gerald I. Antisickling and toxicological evaluation of the leaves of Scoparia dulcis Linn (Scrophulariaceae). BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2015 . .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

5
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Effect concentration:

1-8
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Histopathology of the liver showed mild portal congestion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

gross pathology (CHD022BE)
Internal remarks:

Mild portal congestion in liver