EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep // Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi // Pueraria thunbergiana (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 2773
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Norharman #2: Harman #3: tectorigenin #4: kaikasaponin III #5: tectoridin #6: glycitin #7: glycitein #8: Tectoridin #9: 6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin #10: puerarin #11: daidzin #12: genistin #13: daidzein #14: genistein

Endpoint Studies

#1: Estrogenic activity of some of the isoflavones in the roots #2: Hepatotoxicity of root extract

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of β-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. phytochemical analysis, 1999, p. 247–253. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

HCl-Ethyl acetate
Substance:

norharmane (RF-00003952-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-Fluorescence detection
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

200-313
Internal remarks:

Norharman

Composition #2: Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of β-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. phytochemical analysis, 1999, p. 247–253. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

HCl-Ethyl acetate
Substance:

harman (RF-00003852-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC-Flurescence detection
Result unit:

Nanogram/gram (G076A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

61-168
Internal remarks:

Harman

Composition #3: Park, Kun-Young., Jung, Geun-Ok., Choi, Jongwon., Lee, Kyung-Tae., Park, Hee-Juhn. Potent antimutagenic and their anti-lipid peroxidative effect of kaikasaponin III and tectorigenin from the flower of Pueraria thunbergiana. archives of pharmacal research, 2002, p. 320–324. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, ethyl acetate
Substance:

tectorigenin (RF-00003600-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Co-TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tectorigenin

Composition #4: Park, Kun-Young., Jung, Geun-Ok., Choi, Jongwon., Lee, Kyung-Tae., Park, Hee-Juhn. Potent antimutagenic and their anti-lipid peroxidative effect of kaikasaponin III and tectorigenin from the flower of Pueraria thunbergiana. archives of pharmacal research, 2002, p. 320–324. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, ethyl acetate
Substance:

pentacyclic triterpene saponins (RF-00004334-PAR)
Additional substance description:

kaikasaponin III
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Co-TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

kaikasaponin III

Composition #5: Park, Kun-Young., Jung, Geun-Ok., Choi, Jongwon., Lee, Kyung-Tae., Park, Hee-Juhn. Potent antimutagenic and their anti-lipid peroxidative effect of kaikasaponin III and tectorigenin from the flower of Pueraria thunbergiana. archives of pharmacal research, 2002, p. 320–324. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, ethyl acetate
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

tectoridin
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Co-TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

tectoridin

Composition #6: Park, Kun-Young., Jung, Geun-Ok., Choi, Jongwon., Lee, Kyung-Tae., Park, Hee-Juhn. Potent antimutagenic and their anti-lipid peroxidative effect of kaikasaponin III and tectorigenin from the flower of Pueraria thunbergiana. archives of pharmacal research, 2002, p. 320–324. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, ethyl acetate
Substance:

glycitin (RF-00003847-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Co-TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

glycitin

Composition #7: Park, Kun-Young., Jung, Geun-Ok., Choi, Jongwon., Lee, Kyung-Tae., Park, Hee-Juhn. Potent antimutagenic and their anti-lipid peroxidative effect of kaikasaponin III and tectorigenin from the flower of Pueraria thunbergiana. archives of pharmacal research, 2002, p. 320–324. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol, ethyl acetate
Substance:

glycitein (RF-00000302-NTR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

Co-TLC
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

glycitein

Composition #8: Yao, Meicun., Liao, Yiting., Li, George Q., Law, Francis C. P., Tang, Yi. Quantitative analysis of 2 isoflavones in Pueraria lobata flowers from11 Chinese provinces usingHPLCaphy. chinese medicine, 2010 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Tectoridin
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10-43.28
Internal remarks:

Tectoridin

Composition #9: Yao, Meicun., Liao, Yiting., Li, George Q., Law, Francis C. P., Tang, Yi. Quantitative analysis of 2 isoflavones in Pueraria lobata flowers from11 Chinese provinces usingHPLCaphy. chinese medicine, 2010 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Additional substance description:

6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/gram (G060A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

11.08-48.23
Internal remarks:

6"-O-xylosyl-tectoridin

Composition #10: Cherdshewasart, W., Sutjit, W., Pulcharoen, K., Chulasiri, M. The mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the traditional phytoestrogen-rich herbs, Pueraria mirifica and Pueraria lobata . brazilian journal of medical and biological research, 2009, vol. 42, no. 9, p. 816–823. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

Puerarin (RF-00011022-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

32.85
Internal remarks:

puerarin

Composition #11: Cherdshewasart, W., Sutjit, W., Pulcharoen, K., Chulasiri, M. The mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the traditional phytoestrogen-rich herbs, Pueraria mirifica and Pueraria lobata . brazilian journal of medical and biological research, 2009, vol. 42, no. 9, p. 816–823. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

daidzin (RF-00003763-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

21.9
Internal remarks:

daidzin

Composition #12: Cherdshewasart, W., Sutjit, W., Pulcharoen, K., Chulasiri, M. The mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the traditional phytoestrogen-rich herbs, Pueraria mirifica and Pueraria lobata . brazilian journal of medical and biological research, 2009, vol. 42, no. 9, p. 816–823. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

genistin (RF-00003829-PAR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

25.63
Internal remarks:

genistin

Composition #13: Cherdshewasart, W., Sutjit, W., Pulcharoen, K., Chulasiri, M. The mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the traditional phytoestrogen-rich herbs, Pueraria mirifica and Pueraria lobata . brazilian journal of medical and biological research, 2009, vol. 42, no. 9, p. 816–823. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

daidzein (RF-00000061-NTR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.34
Internal remarks:

daidzein

Composition #14: Cherdshewasart, W., Sutjit, W., Pulcharoen, K., Chulasiri, M. The mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the traditional phytoestrogen-rich herbs, Pueraria mirifica and Pueraria lobata . brazilian journal of medical and biological research, 2009, vol. 42, no. 9, p. 816–823. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts used as staple food (as part-nature) (A0F5F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Ethanol
Substance:

genistein (RF-00000297-NTR)
Analytical method code:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) (F018A)
Analytical method - additional description:

RP-HPLC
Result unit:

Milligram/100 gram (G057A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

0.81
Internal remarks:

genistein

Endpoint study #1: Kayano, S.-I., Matsumura, Y., Kitagawa, Y., Kobayashi, M., Nagayama, A., Kawabata, N., Tuchida, M., Usuki, M., Kikuzaki, H., Kitada, Y. Isoflavone C-glycosides isolated from the root of kudzu (Pueraria Lobata) and their estrogenic and antimutagenic activities. recent advances in ginseng and glycosides research, 2013, p. 103–118. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

isoflavones (RF-00004359-PAR)
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water + selective extraction with methanol and acetone
Type of toxicological test:

in vitro (CHD061TT)
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Millimole (G115A)
Effect concentration:

10000
Critical effect:

ENDOCRINE (TOX12A)
Effect description:

daidzein showed estrogenic activity at 10exp-5 M; estrogenic activity of genistein is at 10exp-6 M.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Estrogenic activity of some of the isoflavones in the roots

Endpoint study #2: Wang Dengyuan., Qiu Liang., Wu Xiaoli., Wei Hua., Xu Feng. Evaluation of kudzu root extract-induced hepatotoxicity. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2015, p. 321–326. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Roots and other underground parts (as part-nature) (A067M)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

solvent unspecified
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Limit test:

No data
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligram/millilitre (G191A)
Effect concentration:

100
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

AST and ALT were significantly elevated in experimental group as compared to control group + severe hepatocellular necrosis
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

histopathology non neoplastic (CHD025BE)
Internal remarks:

Hepatotoxicity of root extract