EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Japanese apricot (as plant) // Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Family:: Rosaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1688
Number of processed references:: 5

Compositions

#1: benzaldehyde in seeds #2: eugenol in essential oil from the fuit #3: benzaldehyde #4: Cyanogenic glycosides #5: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde #6: prunasin in seeds #7: amygdalin in seeds

Endpoint Studies

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kameoka, Hiromu., Kitagawa, Chuji. Constituents of the fruits of Prunus mume Sieb. and Zucc. nippon nogei kagaku kaishi, 1976, p. 389–393. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.9
Internal remarks:

benzaldehyde in seeds

Composition #2: Kameoka, Hiromu., Kitagawa, Chuji. Constituents of the fruits of Prunus mume Sieb. and Zucc. nippon nogei kagaku kaishi, 1976, p. 389–393. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

10.9
Internal remarks:

eugenol in essential oil from the fuit

Composition #3: Kwon, Young Ju., Kim, Young Hoi., Kwag, Jae Jin., Kim, Kun Soo., Yang, Kwang Kyu. Volatile components of apricot (Prunus armeniaca var. ansu Max.) and Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.). han'guk nonghwa hakhoechi, 1990, p. 319–324. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation
Substance:

Benzaldehyde (RF-00008323-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

62.4
Internal remarks:

benzaldehyde

Composition #4: Cho, Hye-Jeon., Do, Byung-Kyung., Shim, Soon-Mi., Kwon, Hoonjeong., Lee, Dong-Ha., Nah, Ahn-Hee., Choi, Youn-Ju., Lee, Sook-Yeon. Determination of cyanogenic compunds in edible plants by ion chromatography. Toxicological Research (Seoul, Republic of Korea), 2013, p. 143–147. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

hydrolysis + distillation
Substance:

Cyanogenic glycosides (RF-00004375-PAR)
Substance used for equivalence:

Cyanide (RF-00000021-CHE)
Analytical method - additional description:

Ion Chromatographic
Result unit:

Microgram/gram (G049A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

45.87
Internal remarks:

Cyanogenic glycosides

Composition #5: Kono, Ryohei., Nomura, Sachiko., Okuno, Yoshiharu., Nakamura, Misa., Maeno, Akihiro., Kagiya, Tomoko., Tokuda, Akihiko., Inada, Ken-ichi., Matsuno, Akira., Utsunomiya, Tomoko., Utsunomiya, Hirotoshi. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Derived from Prunus mume Seed Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Enhances Estradiol Secretion in Human Ovarian Granulosa Tumor Cells. ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA, 2014, vol. 47, no. 3, p. 103–112. DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14003. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (RF-00001977-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde

Composition #6: OHTSUBO, T., IKEDA, F. SEASONAL-CHANGES OF CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES IN MUME (PRUNUS-MUME SIEB ET ZUCC) SEEDS . journal of the japanese society for horticultural science, 1994, vol. 62, no. 4, p. 695–700. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

prunasin (RF-00004011-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in the endosperm tissue
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=10
Internal remarks:

prunasin in seeds

Composition #7: OHTSUBO, T., IKEDA, F. SEASONAL-CHANGES OF CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES IN MUME (PRUNUS-MUME SIEB ET ZUCC) SEEDS . journal of the japanese society for horticultural science, 1994, vol. 62, no. 4, p. 695–700. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

amygdalin (RF-00003680-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Result unit:

Gram/kilogram (G015A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

<=47
Internal remarks:

amygdalin in seeds