EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.

Family:: Fabaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1557
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: juliprosopine #2: Juliprosopine and juliprosine

Endpoint Studies

#1: ansiogenic effect of the total alkaloid fraction from pods in mice #2: clinical signs resulting from impaired function of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII, starting 45–75 days after consumption of the plant #3: neurotoxicity in goats #4: pods teratogenic in Wistar rats

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Maioli, Marcos A., Lemos, Danilo E. C. V., Guelfi, Marieli., Medeiros, Hyllana C. D., Riet-Correa, Franklin., Medeiros, Rosane M. T., Barbosa-Filho, Jose M., Mingatto, Fabio E. Mechanism for the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by juliprosopine on rat brain mitochondria. TOXICON, 2012, vol. 60, no. 8, p. 1355–1362. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.09.012. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Piperidine alkaloids (RF-00004320-PAR)
Additional substance description:

juliprosopine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Analytical method - additional description:

1NMR and 13C
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

juliprosopine

Composition #2: Silva, Victor Diogenes A., Pitanga, Bruno P. S., Nascimento, Ravena P., Souza, Cleide S., Coelho, Paulo Lucas C., Menezes-Filho, Noelio., Silva, Andre Mario M., Costa, Maria de Fatima D., El-Bacha, Ramon S., Velozo, Eudes S., Costa, Silvia L. Juliprosopine and Juliprosine from Prosopis juliflora Leaves Induce Mitochondrial Damage and Cytoplasmic Vacuolation on Cocultured Glial Cells and Neurons. CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY, 2013, vol. 26, no. 12, p. 1810–1820. DOI: 10.1021/tx4001573. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

hexane
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Juliprosopine and juliprosine
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Juliprosopine and juliprosine

Endpoint study #1: Quintans-Junior, Lucindo Jose., Nobrega de Almeida, Reinaldo., Barbosa-Filho, Jose Maria., Duarte, Jose Crispim., Tabosa, Ivon Macedo. Acute toxicity and behavioral changes induced by the total alkaloid fraction of the pods of Prosopis juliflora (Sw) D.C. (Leguminoseae) in rodents. acta farmaceutica bonaerense, 2004, p. 5–10. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol 95% extract of pods
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Strain of test organism:

Swiss (CHD005ST)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

1.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Meal (G109A)
Number of organisms dosed:

10
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

62.5
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

Increased ambulation, piloerection and fight behavioral suggesting an ansiogenic effect of the total alkaloid fraction
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

ansiogenic effect of the total alkaloid fraction from pods in mice

Endpoint study #2: Tabosa, I. M., Riet-Correa, F., Barros, S. S., Summers, B. A., Simoes, S. V. D., Medeiros, R. M. T., Nobre, V. M. T. Neurohistologic and ultrastructural lesions in cattle experimentally intoxicated with the plant Prosopis juliflora. VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, 2006, vol. 43, no. 5, p. 695–701. DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-5-695. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Drying (dehydration) (A07KG)
Type of toxicological test:

subchronic (CHD013TT)
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

200.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

8
Control groups used:

yes, concurrent vehicle
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

50
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

Neurologic (TT004A)
Effect description:

Selective, primary, chronic, and progressive injury to mitochondria of neurons of the trigeminal and other cranial nerve nuclei. Cranial nerve degeneration and denervation atrophy of the muscles as a consequence of the neuronal lesion
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

clinical signs resulting from impaired function of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII, starting 45–75 days after consumption of the plant

Endpoint study #3: Guedes, Karla M. R., Riet-Correa, Franklin., Dantas, Antonio Flavio M., Simoes, Sara V. D., Neto, Eldine G. Miranda., Nobre, Veronica M. T., Medeiros, Rosane M. T. Diseases of the central nervous system in goats and sheep of the semiarid . pesquisa veterinaria brasileira, 2007, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 29–38. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2007000100006. [DOI link]

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

case report (CHD060TT)
Tested organism:

Goat (as animal) (A057P)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

1
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

NEUROTOXICITY (TOX04A)
Target tissue:

neurologic: Central Nervous System (TT035A)
Effect description:

Diseases of the central nervous system in goats reported following ingestion of P. juliflora
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

neurology (CHD027BE)
Internal remarks:

neurotoxicity in goats

Endpoint study #4: Medeiros, Marcia A., Riet-Correa, Franklin., Dantas, Francelicia P. M., Santos, Jose R. S., Medeiros, Rosane M. T. Teratogenic effects of Prosopis juliflora in rats and analysis of the toxicity of the pods . pesquisa veterinaria brasileira, 2014, vol. 34, no. 11, p. 1089–1093. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Additional plant/substance description:

experiment with fresh and 6-month stored pods
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Strain of test organism:

Wistar (CHD013ST)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Percent (G138A)
Effect concentration:

70
Critical effect:

TERATOGENIC (TOX06A)
Target tissue:

Urogenital (TT006A)
Effect description:

malformations and reduced number of fetuses born for groups fed with 70% pods. Pods of P. juliflora are teratogenic for Wistar rats and the teratogenicity decreases with storage
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

pods teratogenic in Wistar rats