EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Plumeria rubra L.

Family:: Apocynaceae (Rubiaceae)
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 284
Number of processed references:: 8

Compositions

#1: Alkaloids (plumerinine) #2: Benzyl salicylate #3: Phenylethyl salicylate #4: Alkaloids (plumerianine) #5: Alkaloids #6: Calcium oxalate crystals #7: Alkaloids #8: Tannins #9: Saponins #10: Lignan (liriodendrin)

Endpoint Studies

#1: male antifertility #2: Changes in hormonal levels (FSH, LH and oestrogen), and reduced ovary and increased uterus weight #3: Dose-dependent abortifacient activity observed ( increased number of resorptions and lower number of live foetus)

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Kazmi, Syed Najam-ul-Hussain., Ahmed, Zaheer., Ahmed, Waseem., Malik, Abdul. Plumerinine - a novel lupine alkaloid from Plumeria rubra. heterocycles, 1989, p. 1901–1906. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Stem / stalk (as part-nature) (A067S)
Additional extraction description:

Unspecified
Substance:

Quinolizidine alkaloids (RF-00004327-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Plumerinine
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (plumerinine)

Composition #2: Omata, Akihiki., Yomogida, Katsuyuki., Nakamura, Shoji., Hashimoto, Seiji., Arai, Toshiyuki., Furukawa, Kiyoshi. Volatile components of Plumeria flowers. Part 1. Plumeria rubra forma acutifolia (Poir.) Woodson cv. 'Common Yellow'. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1991, p. 277–279. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation followed by DEE extraction
Substance:

Benzyl salicylate (RF-00007911-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.37
Internal remarks:

Benzyl salicylate

Composition #3: Omata, Akihiki., Yomogida, Katsuyuki., Nakamura, Shoji., Hashimoto, Seiji., Arai, Toshiyuki., Furukawa, Kiyoshi. Volatile components of Plumeria flowers. Part 1. Plumeria rubra forma acutifolia (Poir.) Woodson cv. 'Common Yellow'. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1991, p. 277–279. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flower (as part-nature) (A067B)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

steam distillation followed by DEE extraction
Substance:

Phenethyl salicylate (RF-00002145-PAR)
Additional substance description:

8-Phenylethyl salicylate
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

14.38
Internal remarks:

Phenylethyl salicylate

Composition #4: Hassan, E.M., Shahat, A.A., Ibrahim, N.A., Vlietinck, A.J., Apers, S., Pieters, L. A new monoterpene alkaloid and other constituents of Plumeria acutifolia. planta medica, 2008, vol. 74, no. 14, p. 1749–1750. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088317. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

plumerianine
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids (plumerianine)

Composition #5: Sharma, S.K.R., Kumar, N. Pharmacognostical standardisation of Plumeria acutifolia (Poir) bark. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 4, no. SUPPL. 5, p. 54–57. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

methanol and water extracts
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #6: Sharma, S.K.R., Kumar, N. Pharmacognostical standardisation of Plumeria acutifolia (Poir) bark. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, vol. 4, no. SUPPL. 5, p. 54–57. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Substance:

Calcium oxalate (RF-00003960-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Crystals
Analytical method code:

Microscopical and histometrical tests (F095A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Calcium oxalate crystals

Composition #7: Dabhadkar, Dinesh., Zade, Varsha. Abortifacient activity of Plumeria rubra (Linn) pod extract in female albino rats . indian journal of experimental biology, 2012, vol. 50, no. 10, p. 702–707. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in pods
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #8: Dabhadkar, Dinesh., Zade, Varsha. Abortifacient activity of Plumeria rubra (Linn) pod extract in female albino rats . indian journal of experimental biology, 2012, vol. 50, no. 10, p. 702–707. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in pods
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #9: Dabhadkar, Dinesh., Zade, Varsha. Abortifacient activity of Plumeria rubra (Linn) pod extract in female albino rats . indian journal of experimental biology, 2012, vol. 50, no. 10, p. 702–707. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

in pods
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponins

Composition #10: KARDONO, LBS., TSAURI, S., PADMAWINATA, K., PEZZUTO, JM., KINGHORN, AD. STUDIES ON INDONESIAN MEDICINAL-PLANTS .2. CYTOTOXIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE BARK OF PLUMERIA-RUBRA COLLECTED IN INDONESIA . journal of natural products, 1990, vol. 53, no. 6, p. 1447–1455. DOI: 10.1021/np50072a008. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Bark (as part-nature) (A066X)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

petroleum ether
Substance:

Liriodendrin (RF-00011085-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Lignan (liriodendrin)

Endpoint study #1: Jacob, Dennis., Yadava, Lajwanti., Vyas, D. K. Alterations in the phosphatase content of the genital organs of the male rat after administration of antifertility doses of Plumeria leaf, Daucus seed and stilbestrol. journal of advanced zoology, 1988, p. 6–10. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Fresh (A166Y)
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

10.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Meal (G109A)
Effect concentration:

0.5
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Testes (TT050A)
Effect description:

half leaf per day inhibited fertility of the male rat by involution of the genital structures; depletion of the alk. and acid phosphatase content of the testis and accessory sex organs.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

male antifertility

Endpoint study #2: Dabhadkar, D., Zade, V., Dawada, S., Dhore, M., Kodape, M. Effect of alcoholic pod extract of Plumeria rubra on biochemical and haematologicalparameters of female albino rats. international journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 2013, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 69–74. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

alcoholic
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

21.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Concentration level (CHD013EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

100-400
Critical effect:

ENDOCRINE (TOX12A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Ovaries (TT047A)
Effect description:

Changes in hormonal levels (FSH, LH and oestrogen), and reduced ovary and increased uterus weight
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Changes in hormonal levels (FSH, LH and oestrogen), and reduced ovary and increased uterus weight

Endpoint study #3: Dabhadkar, Dinesh., Zade, Varsha. Abortifacient activity of Plumeria rubra (Linn) pod extract in female albino rats . indian journal of experimental biology, 2012, vol. 50, no. 10, p. 702–707. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Fruit unspecified (as part-nature) (A067D)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

water, ethanol, chloroform or ethyl acetate extracts
Type of toxicological test:

reproduction toxicity (CHD009TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

5.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

6
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

50-200
Critical effect:

REPRODUCTIVE (TOX05A)
Target tissue:

urogenital: Uterus (TT052A)
Effect description:

Dose-dependent abortifacient activity observed ( increased number of resorptions and lower number of live foetus).
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

reproduction (CHD014BE)
Internal remarks:

Dose-dependent abortifacient activity observed ( increased number of resorptions and lower number of live foetus)