EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Piper auritum Kunth

Family:: Piperaceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 150
Number of processed references:: 11

Endpoint Studies

#1: LD50 oral mice 1802 mg/kg bw #2: LD50 1802 mikrog/kg bw leaf extract

Genotoxicity

Composition #1: Gupta, Mahabir P., Arias, Tomas D., Williams, Norris H., Bos, R., Tattje, D. H. E. Safrole, the main component of the essential oil from Piper auritum of Panama. Journal of Natural Products, 1985 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Myrcene

Composition #2: Gupta, Mahabir P., Arias, Tomas D., Williams, Norris H., Bos, R., Tattje, D. H. E. Safrole, the main component of the essential oil from Piper auritum of Panama. Journal of Natural Products, 1985 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

70
Internal remarks:

safrole (quantitative)

Composition #3: Gupta, Mahabir P., Arias, Tomas D., Williams, Norris H., Bos, R., Tattje, D. H. E. Safrole, the main component of the essential oil from Piper auritum of Panama. Journal of Natural Products, 1985 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Camphor

Composition #4: Gupta, Mahabir P., Arias, Tomas D., Williams, Norris H., Bos, R., Tattje, D. H. E. Safrole, the main component of the essential oil from Piper auritum of Panama. Journal of Natural Products, 1985 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Eugenol (RF-00003807-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Eugenol

Composition #5: Gupta, Mahabir P., Arias, Tomas D., Williams, Norris H., Bos, R., Tattje, D. H. E. Safrole, the main component of the essential oil from Piper auritum of Panama. Journal of Natural Products, 1985 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myristicin (RF-00003941-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Myristicine

Composition #6: Gupta, Mahabir P., Arias, Tomas D., Williams, Norris H., Bos, R., Tattje, D. H. E. Safrole, the main component of the essential oil from Piper auritum of Panama. Journal of Natural Products, 1985 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

elemicin (RF-00003787-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Elemicine
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Elemicine

Composition #7: Gupta, Mahabir P., Arias, Tomas D., Williams, Norris H., Bos, R., Tattje, D. H. E. Safrole, the main component of the essential oil from Piper auritum of Panama. Journal of Natural Products, 1985 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

1,8-cineole (RF-00003470-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Analytical method - additional description:

NMR
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

1,8-cineole

Composition #8: Ciccio, Jose F. Volatile components of Piper auritum (Piperoceae) spikes from Costa Rica. ingenieria y ciencia quimica, 1996, p. 78–79. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

essential oil of "spikes"
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.3
Internal remarks:

Camphor (ess oil, quantified)

Composition #9: Ciccio, Jose F. Volatile components of Piper auritum (Piperoceae) spikes from Costa Rica. ingenieria y ciencia quimica, 1996, p. 78–79. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Seed (as part-nature) (A066P)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

essential oil of "spikes"
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

67.4
Internal remarks:

Safrole (ess oil, quantified)

Composition #10: Pino, Jorge A., Rosado, Aristides., Rodriguez, Mayra., Garcia, Dinah. Composition of leaf oil of Piper auritum H.B.K. grown in Cuba. journal of essential oil research, 1998, p. 333–334. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

64.5
Internal remarks:

Safrole (leaf ess oil, quantified)

Composition #11: Vogler, Bernhard., Noletto, Joseph A., Haber, William A., Setzer, William N. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 2006, p. 230–238. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.2
Internal remarks:

Camphor (quantified, ess oil, flowering spikes)

Composition #12: Vogler, Bernhard., Noletto, Joseph A., Haber, William A., Setzer, William N. Chemical constituents of the essential oils of three Piper species from Monteverde, Costa Rica. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 2006, p. 230–238. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Flowering top (as part-nature) (A166H)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

93.2
Internal remarks:

Safrole (quantified, ess oil, flowering spikes)

Composition #13: Wishart, DS., Jewison, T., Guo, AC., Wilson, M., Knox, C., Liu, Y., Djoumbou, Y., Mandal, R., Aziat, F., Dong, E., Bouatra, S., Sinelnikov, I., Arndt, D., Xia, J., Liu, P., Yallou, F., Bjorndahl, T., Perez-Pineiro, R., Eisner, R., Allen, F., Neveu, V., Greiner, R., Scalbert, A. Cepharadione A (HMDB34364).. human metabolome database, 2012, vol. 3.0 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Aporphine alkaloids (RF-00010806-PAR)
Additional substance description:

cepharadione A
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

aporphine alkaloid (cepharadione A)

Composition #14: Wishart, DS., Jewison, T., Guo, AC., Wilson, M., Knox, C., Liu, Y., Djoumbou, Y., Mandal, R., Aziat, F., Dong, E., Bouatra, S., Sinelnikov, I., Arndt, D., Xia, J., Liu, P., Yallou, F., Bjorndahl, T., Perez-Pineiro, R., Eisner, R., Allen, F., Neveu, V., Greiner, R., Scalbert, A. Cepharadione B (HMDB30391).. human metabolome database, 2012, vol. 3.0 . .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Substance:

Cepharadione B (RF-00011243-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

cepharadione B (aporphine alkaloid)

Composition #15: McBurnett, B.G., Chavira, A.A., López, A.C., Mosso, J., Collins, S.M. Analysis of Piper auritum: A traditional hispanic herb. ACS Symposium Series, 2007, vol. 946, p. 67–76. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

DCM,Hot water, Soxhlet extraction
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

60.5-65.7
Internal remarks:

Safrole (leaf, quantified)

Composition #16: Tucker, AO., Maciarello, MJ., Contis, ET., Ho, CT., Mussinan, CJ., Parliment, TH., Shahidi, F., Spanier, AM. Some toxic culinary herbs in North America. food flavors: formation, analysis, and packaging influences, 1998, vol. 40, p. 401–414. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

oil from dried plant, unspecified part
Substance:

Camphor (RF-00003986-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

1.09
Internal remarks:

Camphor (ess oil, dried plant, quantitative)

Composition #17: Tucker, AO., Maciarello, MJ., Contis, ET., Ho, CT., Mussinan, CJ., Parliment, TH., Shahidi, F., Spanier, AM. Some toxic culinary herbs in North America. food flavors: formation, analysis, and packaging influences, 1998, vol. 40, p. 401–414. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

oil from dried plant, unspecified part
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

68.89
Internal remarks:

Safrole (ess oil, dried plant, quantitative)

Composition #18: Tucker, AO., Maciarello, MJ., Contis, ET., Ho, CT., Mussinan, CJ., Parliment, TH., Shahidi, F., Spanier, AM. Some toxic culinary herbs in North America. food flavors: formation, analysis, and packaging influences, 1998, vol. 40, p. 401–414. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Additional extraction description:

oil from fresh leaves
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

33.93-39.42
Internal remarks:

Safrole (ess oil, fresh leaves, quantitative)

Composition #19: Caballero-Gallardo, Karina., Olivero-Verbel, Jesus., Pino-Benitez, Nayive., Stashenko, Elena E. Chemical composition and bioactivity of Piper auritum and P-multiplinervium essential oils against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) . boletin latinoamericano y del caribe de plantas medicinales y aromaticas, 2014, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 10–19. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myristicin (RF-00003941-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

4.3
Internal remarks:

myristicin (ess oil, quantified)

Composition #20: Caballero-Gallardo, Karina., Olivero-Verbel, Jesus., Pino-Benitez, Nayive., Stashenko, Elena E. Chemical composition and bioactivity of Piper auritum and P-multiplinervium essential oils against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) . boletin latinoamericano y del caribe de plantas medicinales y aromaticas, 2014, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 10–19. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

Safrole (RF-00003651-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result expression:

Whole weight (B001A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

93.2
Internal remarks:

safrole (ess oil, quantified)

Endpoint study #1: Vega Montalvo, R., Lagarto Parra, A. Evaluación del efecto antiinflamatorio del extracto de Piper auritum H.B.K. y toxicidad aguda oral. revista cubana de plantas medicinales, 1999, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 11–14. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Control groups used:

no data
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight (G225A)
Effect concentration:

1800
Critical effect:

NONE (TOX14A)
Effect description:

LD50 1802 mikrog/kg bw
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD50 oral mice 1802 mg/kg bw

Endpoint study #2: Parra, AL., Yhebra, RS., Sardinas, IG., Buela, LI. Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts. PHYTOMEDICINE, 2001, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 395–400. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Type of toxicological test:

acute toxicity (CHD016TT)
Limit test:

Not applicable
Guideline used:

According to
Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity) (OECD718PL)
Tested organism:

House mouse (as animal) (A0CNT)
Sex:

No data
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

24.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Lethal dose rate in 50% of experimental organisms (CHD029EP)
Concentration unit:

Microgram/kilogram (G050A)
Effect concentration:

1800
Critical effect:

NONE (TOX14A)
Effect description:

LD50 1802 mikrog/kg bw
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

LD50 1802 mikrog/kg bw leaf extract