EFSA Compendium of Botanicals

Draft - work in progress

Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Family:: Asteraceae
Approval state:: Approved
Number of articles retrieved:: 1758
Number of processed references:: 6

Compositions

#1: Myrcene #2: Saponin #3: sesquiterpene lactone (parthenin) #4: Tannins #5: Alkaloids #6: Parthenin (sesquiterpene lactone)

Endpoint Studies

#1: Dose- and time-dependent increased serum levels of GOT (AST) and GPT (ALT) #2: 11/15 animals died 8-30 days after feeding began.On autopsy ulceration in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Necrosis in the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Genotoxicity

#1: Chromosomal aberrations mainly chromatid breaks

Composition #1: Chowdhury, A. R. Chemical examination of essential oil from Parthenium hysterophorus L. leaves. indian perfumer, 2002, p. 45–48. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Leaves (as part-nature) (A0EKT)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Essential oil (as part-nature) (A166Q)
Substance:

myrcene (RF-00003503-PAR)
Analytical method code:

GC-MS (F046A)
Result unit:

Percent (G138A)
Result type:

Numerical Value (VAL)
Value (concentration, content):

3.23
Internal remarks:

Myrcene

Composition #2: Pandey, Anjali., Rizvi, Masood., Shah, Bhahwal Ali., Bani, Sarang. Anti-arthritogenic effect of Saponin-1 by alteration of Th1/Th2 cytokine paradigm in arthritic mice. Cytokine+, 2016, p. 103–113. .

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

MeOH
Substance:

Saponins (RF-00004333-PAR)
Additional substance description:

3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanolic acid
Analytical method code:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (F061A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Saponin

Composition #3: Ramos, A., Rivero, R., Victoria, MC., Visozo, A., Piloto, J., Garcia, A. Assessment of mutagenicity in Parthenium hysterophorus L.. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2001, vol. 77, no. 1, p. 25–30. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00257-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol + chloroform
Substance:

Sesquiterpene lactones (RF-00004319-PAR)
Additional substance description:

Parthenin
Analytical method code:

Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) (F016A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

sesquiterpene lactone (parthenin)

Composition #4: Ramos, A., Rivero, R., Victoria, MC., Visozo, A., Piloto, J., Garcia, A. Assessment of mutagenicity in Parthenium hysterophorus L.. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2001, vol. 77, no. 1, p. 25–30. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00257-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol + chloroform
Substance:

Tannins (RF-00004337-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Tannins

Composition #5: Ramos, A., Rivero, R., Victoria, MC., Visozo, A., Piloto, J., Garcia, A. Assessment of mutagenicity in Parthenium hysterophorus L.. journal of ethnopharmacology, 2001, vol. 77, no. 1, p. 25–30. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00257-4. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Extraction/Preparation method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional extraction description:

Methanol + chloroform
Substance:

Alkaloids (RF-00004360-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Phytochemical screening (F604A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Alkaloids

Composition #6: Ramos, A., Rivero, R., Visozo, A., Piloto, J., Garcia, A. Parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone of Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a high toxicity clastogen . mutation research-genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis, 2002, vol. 514, no. 1-2, p. 19–27. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00321-7. [DOI link]

Language:

English (en)
Plant part:

Unspecified (A07XD)
Additional extraction description:

unspecified
Substance:

Parthenin (RF-00010903-PAR)
Analytical method code:

Unspecified (F598A)
Yes/No Qualitative:

Positive/Present (POS)
Result type:

Qualitative Value (Binary) (BIN)
Internal remarks:

Parthenin (sesquiterpene lactone)

Endpoint study #1: Kushwaha, Veena B., Maurya, Shivani. Toxic effect of ethanolic extract of Parthenium hysterophorus on mammalian blood biochemistry. journal of environment and bio-sciences, 2011, p. 155–160. .

Study relevance:

Human health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Preparation/Extraction method:

Solvent extraction (A0BZR)
Additional plant/substance description:

ethanol extract
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Rat (as animal) (A0CNV)
Sex:

Male/Female
Route of exposure:

ORAL: GAVAGE (OECD2231PL)
Exposure duration:

28.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

4
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose level (CHD014EP)
Concentration unit:

Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day (G211A)
Effect concentration:

200
Critical effect:

HEPATOTOXICITY (TOX02A)
Target tissue:

digestive: Liver (TT023A)
Effect description:

Dose- and time-dependent increased serum levels of GOT (AST) and GPT (ALT)
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

other (CHD003BE)
Internal remarks:

Dose- and time-dependent increased serum levels of GOT (AST) and GPT (ALT)

Endpoint study #2: Narasimhan T R., Ananth M., Swamy M N., Babu M R., Mangala A., Rao P V. Toxicity of Parthenium hysterophorus L. to cattle and buffaloes. Experientia, 1977, p. 1358–1359. .

Study relevance:

Animal (target species) health
Plant part:

Aerial part of plants (as part-nature) (A166F)
Type of toxicological test:

short-term toxicity (CHD017TT)
Tested organism:

Cattle (as animal) (A057E)
Sex:

Male
Route of exposure:

ORAL: FEED (OECD2230PL)
Exposure duration:

30.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Day (G134A)
Number of organisms dosed:

16
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

Dose not reported (CHD066EP)
Critical effect:

SYSTEMIC (TOX01A)
Target tissue:

Digestive (TT002A)
Effect description:

11/15 animals died 8-30 days after feeding began. Ulceration in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Necrosis in the liver and gastrointestinal tract.
Effect or parameter linked to the endpoint:

mortality (CHD010BE)
Internal remarks:

11/15 animals died 8-30 days after feeding began.On autopsy ulceration in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Necrosis in the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Genotox #1: Ramos, A., Rivero, R., Visozo, A., Piloto, J., Garcia, A. Parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone of Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a high toxicity clastogen . mutation research-genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis, 2002, vol. 514, no. 1-2, p. 19–27. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00321-7. [DOI link]

Study category:

Genotoxicity
Type of toxicological test:

chromosome aberration assay (CHD047TT)
Method type:

in vitro
Tested organism:

Human (as organism) (A056J)
Strain of test organism:

lymphocytes (CHD036ST)
Sex:

No data
Exposure duration for in vivo:

20.0
Unit of exposure duration:

Hour (G099A)
Control groups used:

yes
Endpoint measured:

chromosome aberration
Is genotoxic:

Positive
Remarks on genotox study:

Chromosomal aberrations mainly chromatid breaks
Internal remarks:

Chromosomal aberrations mainly chromatid breaks
Internal ID:

WOS:000173829400003